Strategies for ecological extrapolation

TitleStrategies for ecological extrapolation
Publication TypeJournal Article
Year of Publication2004
AuthorsPeters DC, Urban D.L., Gardner R.H., Breshears DD, Herrick JE
JournalOikos
Volume106
Pagination627-636
Date PublishedSeptember 1, 200
Accession NumberJRN00421
ARIS Log Number145569
Keywordscomplex, complex behaviors, define and control prediction, ecological extrapolation, exclude key processes, increased estimation, ingenerating accurate, measurable reduction, measure, measurement error, models, prediction bias, prediction errors, propagation, software, spatial extrapolation ofinformation are an important issue in ecology. Althoughimprovements in instrumentation, trade-offsimpedes, unknown prediction
Abstract

Extrapolation of information collected at fine scales to broader scales is an increasingly important issue in ecology as the recognition of spatial connections within and among different levels of organization expands. In addition, our ability to represent complex behavior in ecological systems has improved with readily available instrumentation and software that allows detailed sampling and analysis and the ease with which geospatial data can be used to support large spatial simulation models or extensive data-based inventories and assessments. However, there is a tradeoff between simple approaches having errors associated with excluding processes and more complex approaches that are plagued by high uncertainty due to increased estimation and measurement error. In this paper, we develop a synthetic, problem-solving framework for extrapolating information from fine to broad scales that is applicable to a wide range of ecological problems. The framework includes three classes of approaches that differ in their complexity and sources of error: nonspatial, spatially implicit, and spatially explicit. We consider a range of ecological issues requiring complex approaches (i.e., nonlinear processes, thresholds, positive feedbacks, neighborhood processes) and identify options for dealing with these issues. Our operational framework of model selection serves as a practical and objective approach to the problem of ecological prediction across a range of spatial and temporal scales. Thus, this framework should be of interest to all ecologists concerned with the problem of prediction.

URL/files/bibliography/04-003.pdf
DOI10.1111/j.0030-1299.2004.12869.x