Differences in creosotebush (Larrea tridentata) crown morphology may reflect chances in relative demand for water vs. nutrient resources, coinciding with shrub growth and development. Creosotebushes with inverted, cone-shaped crowns were more abundant in water-limited environments; whereas, hemispherical-shaped creosotebushes were more abundant in less water-limited environments. Cone-shaped creosotebushes accumulated substantially less litter under their canopies than did creosotebushes with hemispherical-shaped crowns. Soil nutrient concentrations under conical shrubs were similar to those in intershrub spaces and both of these were less than soil nutrient concentrations under hemispherical shrubs. In ecosystems where overland flow of water exerted a greater influence on movement of organic litter than did wind, shrub shape had little effect on long-term litter accumulation. No persistent differences in the biomass or diversity of ephemeral taxa exploiting undershrub areas were found, probably because the positive effects of greater nutrient resources under hemispherical shrubs were offset by the limitations imposed by the larger, more dense canopies of hemispherical shrubs. Overall, creosotebush morphology affected litter accumulation patterns and soil nutrient patterns and must be considered when assessing the heterogeneity of desert ecosystems in the southwestern U.S.