Wind erosion and blowing dust impact air quality, biogeochemical cycles, the hydrologic cycle and climate, and are major resource concerns for land managers; but where is all the dust coming from, and why? Will there be more, or less, dust in the future? How we will answer these questions presents numerous research challenges with consequences for human health, ecosystem services, and how we prepare agriculture to meet food and fiber demands under a changing climate. I will explore these challenges and identify opportunities for new interdisciplinary research to tackle them.