This study compares surface emissivity and radiometric temperature products derived using data collected with the MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission Reflectance Radiometer (ASTER) sensors, on the Earth Observation System (EOS) - Terra satellite. Two study sites were selected: a semi-arid area located northern Chihuahuan desert in the USA, and a savanna landscape located in central Africa. Atmospheric corrections were performed using different strategies that were driven by the instrumental features of each sensor. The MODIS products were then computed using a designed Temperature Independent Spectral Indices of Emissivity (TISIE) method. The ASTER products were derived using the Temperature Emissivity Separation (TES) algorithm. The MODIS and ASTER radiometric temperature products were in good agreement when the atmospheric corrections were similar, with differences lower than 0.7 K. The comparison of emissivity estimates was performed for MODIS / ASTER matching bands, at 8.5 and 11 micrometer. The emissivity estimates agreed well at 11 micrometer, although the range of the MODIS values was larger than that of the ASTER values. At 8.5 micrometer, the differences between the estimates were larger as compared to 11 micrometer, but the comparison results were acceptable, and the ranges of emissivities from both sensors were the same.