@inbook {50065,
	title = {Herbivore-plant interactions and desertification in arid lands},
	booktitle = {All Flesh is Grass},
	series = {Cellular Origin, Life in Extreme Habitats and Astrobiology},
	number = {16},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {239-256},
	publisher = {Springer-Verlas},
	organization = {Springer-Verlas},
	abstract = {Arid lands around the world have experienced or are currently experiencing degradation that is known as desertification. Animal-plant interactions that have an effect on desertification are among the most important function of animals in arid ecosystems. Desertification has been defined as land degradation in arid and semiarid areas that is the result of various factors, including climate variation and human activities. The interactions between animals and plants affect desertification arid environments in a number of ways. These interactions may exacerbate desertification processes or contribute to the stability of desertified ecosystems. Some animal-plant interactions are direct, e.g., herbivory, while others are indirect, e.g., seed dispersal and soil modification. Animal-plant interactions that contribute to changes in the structure of plant communities or the spread of alien plant species may enhance some degradation processes such as soil erosion or contribute to soil stability and resistance to degradation.},
	keywords = {herbivory, plant-animal interactions},
	url = {/files/bibliography/10-037.pdf},
	author = {Walter G. Whitford and Yosef Steinberger}
}
@article {50440,
	title = {Plant-Animal Interactions},
	volume = {10},
	number = {1},
	year = {2006},
	month = {April 10, 2006},
	pages = {3},
	publisher = {Jornada Basin Long-Term Ecological Research Program},
	address = {Las Cruces, NM},
	abstract = {Shrub invasion into desert grasslands is an ongoing concern for ecologists and land managers. These shrubs typically contain chemicals that make them unpalatable for livestock and wildlife. Tarbush is a shrub that has invaded productive soils in the northern Chihuahuan Desert. For several years, we have been using tarbush as a model invasive shrub to explore the chemicals involved in plant-animal interactions. From a chemical standpoint, not all tarbush are alike. Sheep and goats select some tarbush plants and avoid others based on the concentration of volatile chemicals on the leaves. When we removed these chemicals using organic solvents, lambs ate more tarbush. Furthermore, when we removed these chemicals from tarbush and added them to a palatable food, animals ate less. We are now examining effects of individual compounds to determine if specific chemicals are critical drivers of diet selection. To date, we have tested effects of 23 volatile chemicals (primarily terpenoids) on intake by lambs, and two more compounds are currently being examined. Only four chemicals (camphor, alpha-pinene, camphene, and caryophyllene oxide) reduced the amount of food eaten. By learning which specific compounds drive diet selection, we hope to ultimately be able to manipulate browsing behavior of livestock and other herbivores.},
	keywords = {jornada trails, plant-animal interactions},
	url = {jornadalter/site/pubs/newsletr/jornv10i1.pdf},
	author = {Richard E. Estell}
}
