@article {51479, title = {Influence of ruminally dispensed monensin and forage maturity on intake and digestion}, journal = {Journal of Range Management}, volume = {46}, number = {3}, year = {1993}, note = {Permission to post articles granted by the Society for Range Management; www.rangelands.org.}, month = {1993}, pages = {214-220}, abstract = {

Eight ruminally cannulated crossbred steers (average weight 336 kg) grazing native blue grama (Bouteloua gracilis\  [H.B.K.]) rangeland were used in a repeated measures design to evaluate effects of monensin ruminal delivery devices (MRDD) and forage phenology on ruminal digestion.\  Three periods were assessed: mid-August (Aug.), early October (Oct.), and mid-November (Nov.).\  One MRDD was placed in the reticulum of 4 steers via the ruminal cannula 21 days before each period.\  Intake was estimated using total fecal collections.\  Diet samples were collected using 3 esophogeally fistulated steers. Ruminal fill was measured by ruminal evacuation; rate and extent of in situ ruminal neutral detergent fiber disappearance were estimated before ruminal evacuations.\  Ruminal passage rates, retention time, and apparent total tract organic matter digestibility were estimated using indigestible neutral detergent fiber.\  In vitro organic matter disappearance of esophageal masticate did not differ (P\>.05) in Aug. and Oct. (average of 53.7\%), but declined (P\<.05) in Nov. (48.7\%), whereas organic matter digestibility was greater (P\<.10) in Aug. (62.3\%) than in either Oct. (55.2\%) or Nov. (53.9\%).\  Release of monensin from the bolus (68 mg day-1) was less than expected (100 mg day-1).\  Intake, organic matter digestibility, ruminal passage rates, retention time, pH, and ammonia were not affected (P\>.10) by MRDD.\  In situ neutral detergent fiber disappearance at 96 hours was decreased (P\<.10) by MRDD (68 vs 65\% for control and MRDD, respectively).\  As the grazing season progressed, intake declined (P\<.10), whereas ruminal fill and retention time increased (P\<.05), and passage rate of indigestible neutral detergent fiber decreased (P\<.05). At 48 hours in situ neutral detergent fiber was greatest (P\<.05) in Aug. and least (P\<.05) in Nov.

}, keywords = {beef, cattle, digestion, forage quality, rangeland}, url = {/files/bibliography/401.pdf}, author = {E.L. Fredrickson and Galyean, M.L. and Branine, M.E. and Sowell, B.F.} } @proceedings {52027, title = {Manipulating rangeland forage quality with the grazing animal}, year = {1981}, note = {Reproduced by kind permission of CSIRO PUBLISHING, Melbourne Australia, from Forage evaluation: concepts and techniques: proceedings of a workshop entitled {\textquoteright}Forage evaluation and utilization - an appraisal of concepts and techniques{\textquoteright}held in Armidale, N.S.W., 27-31 October, 1980, under the auspices of the U.S./Australia Cooperative Science Program / editors: J.L. Wheeler, R.D. Mochrie. Published jointly by CSIRO Australia and the American Forage and Grassland Council, 1981.}, month = {1981}, pages = {313-328}, address = {Armidale, NSW, Australia}, abstract = {

The positive balance that evolved between plants and grazing animals is not maintained under continuous grazing. Optimum production from the plant:grazing-animal system can be realized from only high leaf:stem and green:dead ratios in both the standing crop and animal diets. If we are to realize optimum production, we will need grazing methods in which time of year, frequency, and duration of defoliation can be controlled for individual plants and still permit high animal selectivity. By constructing more paddocks, stocking density can be increased and the extent of defoliation on individual plants can be manipulated. High individual animal production and proper individual plant defoliation can only be obtained under high stocking density if livestock are frequently moved between paddocks. To accomplish this, paddock design must ensure that animal stress and labor requirements are held to a minimum. However, the added flexibility derived from rotating animals among paddocks substantially increases the management required to obtain high animal performance and proper plant usage.

}, keywords = {continuous grazing, forage quality, grazing methods, optimum production, rotation grazing}, url = {/files/bibliography/193.pdf}, author = {D.M. Anderson} }