@article {JRN55343, title = {Long-term permanent quadrat sampling project at the Jornada Experimental Range, New Mexico}, year = {2022}, publisher = {Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America}, abstract = {The permanent chart quadrat project at the Jornada Experimental Range was established in 1915. Chart quadrat sampling is done using a pantograph, wherein technicians use a stylus attached to an arm to trace the perimeter of plants within the quadrat, and a pencil at the other end of the arm maps the information onto the data sheet. The Jornada quadrat monitoring effort collected yearly data from 1915 to 1979 and resumed at 5- year intervals beginning in 1995. Quadrat data have been used to understand patterns and mechanisms of long- term vegetation change, plant demography, species interactions, and community transitions.}, keywords = {Jornada Experimental Range, Long-term permanent quadrat sampling, New Mexico, project}, doi = {10.1002/bes2.1940 }, url = {files/bibliography/22-001.pdf}, author = {Erica M. Christensen and Connie J. Maxwell and A. L. Slaughter} } @proceedings {JRN55361, title = {Oryx (Oryx gazella gazella) presence patterns in a long term grazing study in the Chihuahuan Desert of New Mexico}, year = {2022}, month = {2/8/2022}, abstract = {A long term grazing study comparing the impact of grazing heritage (Raramuri Criollo) vs. commercial (Brangus) beef cattle on desert rangelands was initiated in 2020 at the NMSU Chihuahuan Desert Rangeland Research Center (CDRRC). South African oryx (Oryx gazella gazella) were introduced in the 1970s onto White Sands Missile Range, located ca. 20 miles east of the CDRRC, and oryx are frequently observed in our 5,000 ha study pastures. However, patterns of oryx presence in the grazing experiment pastures have not been determined. Hence, we sought to quantify oryx presence in our study pastures to help clarify: a) their potential impact on our experiment treatments; and b) cattle-, vegetation-, season- and ranch infrastructure- related factors associated with patterns of oryx presence in our experimental pastures. We obtained ca. 2,250 images from 40 trail cameras located in our four study pastures (10 cameras/pasture). Images were collected over a nine month phase repeated in two consecutive years, 2020 and 2021. Annually, images were collected during 3 periods: a) pre-grazing (Dec{\textendash}Feb), three months prior to placing cattle in the experiment area; b) grazing, when cattle grazed the experiment pastures (Mar{\textendash}May); and c) post-grazing, the three months after cattle were removed from pastures (Jun{\textendash}Aug). Grazing occurred in pastures only in 2020; no grazing occurred in 2021 because of severe drought conditions. These data will be compared with fecal pellet counts observed on permanent 100m transects at the camera locations to corroborate relative oryx presence. Additionally, vegetation cover data were collected at the permanent transects to determine potential relationships between oryx presence and plant cover. Our poster will report on oryx presence patterns across our study pastures with respect to cattle presence, vegetation, ranch infrastructure (distance to roads and drinkers), and season of the year. }, keywords = {Chihuahuan Desert, grazing study, long term, New Mexico, Oryx, Oryx gazella gazella, patterns, presence}, author = {M. Funk and Matthew M. McIntosh and Bender, L. and Andr{\'e}s F. Cibils and Andrew Cox and Fuentes-Soriano, S. and S. Spiegal and Richard E. Estell} } @article {JRN55325, title = {Quadrat-based monitoring of desert grassland vegetation at the Jornada Experimental Range, New Mexico, 1915-2016}, year = {2021}, abstract = {The data set covers a 101-year period (1915{\textendash}2016) of quadrat-based plant sampling at the Jornada Experimental Range in southern New Mexico. At each sampling event, a pantograph was used to record the location and perimeter of living plants within permanent quadrats. Basal area was recorded for perennial grass species, canopy cover area was recorded for shrub species, and all other perennial species were recorded as point data. The data set includes 122 1 m by 1 m permanent quadrats, although not all quadrats were sampled in each year of the study and there is a gap in monitoring from 1980{\textendash}1995. These data provide a unique opportunity to investigate changes in the plant community over 100 years of variation in precipitation and other environmental conditions. We provide the following data and data formats: (1) the digitized maps in shapefile format; (2) data table containing coordinates (x,y) of perennial species within quadrats, including cover area for grasses and shrubs; (3) data table of counts of annual plant individuals per quadrat; (4) species list indicating growth form and habit of recorded species; (5) table of dates when each quadrat was sampled; (6) table of the pasture each quadrat was located within (note that pasture boundaries have changed over time); (7) table of depth to petrocalcic layer measurements taken at quadrat locations; (8) table of particle size analysis of soil samples taken at quadrat locations; (9) table of topographic characteristics of quadrat locations (e.g. concave or convex topography). Pantograph sampling is currently conducted at 5 year intervals by USDA-ARS staff, and new data will be added periodically to the EDI Data Portal Repository (see section V.E.2). This information is released under the Creative Commons license - Attribution - CC BY and the consumer of these data is required to cite it appropriately in any publication that results from its use.}, keywords = {arid grasslands, Chihuahuan Desert, long-term research, New Mexico, particle size analysis, plant community, plant populations, quadrat, rangeland, soil texture}, doi = {10.1002/ecy.3530}, url = {files/bibliography/21-041.pdf}, author = {Erica M. Christensen and D. K. James and A. L. Slaughter and Connie J. Maxwell and Peter B. Adler and Kris Havstad and Brandon T Bestelmeyer} } @proceedings {JRN55186, title = {Land of Encroachment: A multi-stakeholder assessment of brush control efforts in New Mexico}, year = {2020}, month = {02/16/2020}, address = {Denver, CO}, abstract = {

The social impacts of ecological restoration are not well understood.\  Yet, social processes are inherently at work while defining and prioritizing desirable landscape change and acceptable levels of intervention. We use a cultural ecosystem service (CES) framework to test the relevance of CES to grassland restoration by contrasting CES values between stakeholders engaged in restoration planning and management and those representing a wider suite of CES. Using semi-structured interviews (n=34), we engage partners in an ongoing restoration initiative (restoration partners) and others who derive cultural value from the landscape (other CES stakeholders) Interview results reveal that ecological change, such as enhanced wildlife habitat and vast, open spaces improve aesthetic value, recreation, and lifestyle CES. Second, management action such as longevity of interventions, restricted access to treatment areas, and federal policy associated with cattle forage hinder these CES as well. Lastly, social processes such as trust in management, attitudes towards stakeholder groups, and differences in perceptions of CES can hinder how people experience the environment. Inclusion of CES leads to holistic management strategies that cater to the entire socio-ecological system. We are currently exploring how stakeholders prioritize CES among other ecosystem services in our study area as well as the spatial distribution of values to see how management can best accommodate diverse perspectives across the landscape.

}, keywords = {assessment, brush control efforts, Land of Encroachment, multi-stakeholder, New Mexico}, author = {Maude Dinan and B. Cuttis} } @article {JRN53929, title = {Mosses new to New Mexico}, journal = {Evansia}, volume = {30}, year = {2013}, month = {09/2013}, pages = {105-109}, chapter = {105}, abstract = {

A bryophyte inventory was conducted in the Valles Caldera National Preserve (VCNP), New Mexico, from 2009 to 2011. Specimens representing 113 species of bryophytes were collected. Of those bryophytes, seven of the mosses were new to New Mexico: Atrichum tenellum (R!hling) Bruch \& Schimper, Dicranum tauricum Sapjegin, Orthotrichum pallens Bridel, Sphagnum girgensohnii Russow, Tortella fragilis (Hooker \& Wilson) Limpricht, Tortella tortuosa (Hedwig) Limpricht var. fragilifolia (Juratzska) Limpricht, and Warnstorfia exannulata (Hedwig) Loeske.

}, keywords = {bryophyte, inventory, moss, New Mexico, Valles Caldera National Preserve}, doi = {10.1639/079.030.0301}, url = {/files/bibliography/13-035.pdf}, author = {Kirsten B. Romig and Allred, Kelly} } @mastersthesis {49939, title = {Breeding bird responses to 30 years of grassland restoration on southern New Mexico public lands}, year = {2011}, school = {New Mexico State University}, type = {M.S. Thesis}, address = {Las Cruces, NM}, keywords = {birds, breeding ecology, dissertation, grassland restoration, New Mexico, public lands, thesis}, author = {John M. Coffman} } @article {50216, title = {Essays of a peripheral mind: The range problem in New Mexico}, journal = {Rangelands}, volume = {30}, number = {3}, year = {2008}, month = {June 30, 2008}, pages = {56-58}, abstract = {This essay reviews the 1908 report on the condition of rangelands in New Mexico written by Elmer Ottis Wooton. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the central recommendation in that report which encouraged a federally based system of land resource management. The premise of this review is that this recommendation was inappropriate, and that management of lands that are strongly shaped by humans should be in the hands of those people living on these rangelands. The increasing frequency of locally-driven, community-based management groups in the western U.S. reflects the value of a non-federal system of management practices and applications.}, keywords = {essays, New Mexico, peripheral, range problem}, url = {/files/bibliography/08-018.pdf}, author = {Kris Havstad} } @article {50333, title = {Influence of habitat characteristics on detected site occupancy of the New Mexico endemic Sacramento Mountains salamander, Aneides hardii}, journal = {Journal of Herpetology}, volume = {41}, number = {1}, year = {2007}, month = {March 2007}, pages = {1-8}, abstract = {The Sacramento Mountains Salamander (Aneides hardii) is a state-listed threatened species endemic to three mountain ranges in south central New Mexico. Information about the ecological requirements of this species is inadequate for managers to make informed conservation decisions, yet changes in management practices are needed throughout the species range because of poor forest health. During summer 2004, we examined patterns of A. hardii distribution in relation to several abiotic and biotic parameters on 36 plots, each of which was 9.6-ha in area and located in mixed conifer forest. We evaluated 18 a priori logistic regression models using Akaike{\textquoteright}s Information Criterion corrected for small-sample bias (AICc). The model with the highest ranking (= lowest AICc value) included soil moisture and soil temperature as predictive variables, and the second highest ranked model (AICc = 0.05) included only soil temperature. Soil temperature was lower, and soil moisture was higher on plots where salamanders were detected. The relative importance of canopy cover and log volume was low in this study likely because the study plots had similar disturbance history. We recommend managers focus on practices that ensure salamander microhabitats remain cool and moist in conservation areas.}, keywords = {Aneides hardii, New Mexico, Sacramento Mountains, salamander}, url = {/files/bibliography/07-006.pdf}, author = {S. Haan and Desmond, M.J. and W. R. Gould and J.P. Ward} } @proceedings {50374, title = {Future climate change impacts on New Mexico{\textquoteright}s mountain sources of water}, year = {2007}, month = {11/2007}, pages = {CDROM}, publisher = {Water Resources Research Institute}, edition = {2008}, address = {Santa Fe, New Mexico}, abstract = {The Rio Grande is one of the most important rivers in the western U.S. and is representative of mountain snowmelt basins in arid and semiarid regions around the world. As is true for many arid and semiarid rivers, the total available water supply is already exceeded by water demands. Dependable water supply comes from high elevation snowpacks that contribute 50-75\% of the annual streamflow. Summer rainfall, which is sporadic and frequently of high intensity, supplies the remaining streamflow. Rapid changes in many mountain regions of the world are being experienced due to global climate change and anthropogenic effects. New Mexico water managers and decision makers urgently need knowledge of the potential effects of climate change on the state{\textquoteright}s water resources. Research being done addresses this topic through the development of improved sensing and modeling infrastructure to estimate future changes in water supply from snow-dominated headwater basins. Existing climate change scenarios generated by general circulation and regional climate models are being utilized to develop reasonable forcing variables for basin hydrologic models which will be used as decision-making tools to evaluate the impact of climate changes in the basin. The hydrologic models being employed include the basin-wide Semi-distributed Land Use and Runoff Processes (SLURP) model that serves to integrate models operating on sub-catchments throughout the Rio Grande basin. The Snowmelt Runoff Model (SRM) is used to simulate and forecast flow in the mountainous snowmelt sub-basins and is directly linked to SLURP. SRM also has a formalized climate change algorithm useful in this study. Operating on smaller Rio Grande sub-basins, the TIN-based Real-Time Integrated Basin Simulator (tRIBS) is a distributed hydrologic model for streamflow forecasting and better understanding of processes active in producing runoff. Finally, the RioGEM hydro-economics model is being used to evaluate the benefits from different management strategies in response to hydrologic changes generated by SLURP, SRM, and tRIBS. The results of this project will address the important problem of how global warming will reduce our already overcommitted water supply and what economic and societal impacts will result.}, keywords = {arid, climate, New Mexico, proceedings, Rio Grande, semiarid rivers, sources, water}, url = {/files/bibliography/08-054.pdf}, author = {A. Rango and Enrique Vivoni and Gutzler, D. and Hurd, B. and Brandon T Bestelmeyer} } @booklet {50608, title = {Browsing the Bosque}, howpublished = {Network News}, volume = {18}, number = {1}, year = {2005}, month = {May 30, 2005}, pages = {7}, publisher = {Newsletter of the Long Term Ecological Research Network}, abstract = {Invasive Salt Cedar (Tamarix spp.) occupies riparian zones throughout the Western United States and has been reported to increase evapotranspiration, increase fire frequency, reduce habitat values, and replace native plant species. Herbicides and mechanical clearing are the main methods used to remove salt cedar. We are conducting the first study of the use of goats to control salt cedar. Goats readily browsed salt cedar and Russian olive in replicated 1-3 acre plots along the Rio Grande, while maintaining weight and health. Nearly every salt cedar plant was damaged by browsing, breaking branches or stripping bark. Goats had an especially severe impact on resprouts, removing about half of the vegetation in the first year of browsing. Goats had much less impact on large dense salt cedar , but cleared out the understory, reducing laddering fuels, improving access for recreation and reducing costs for mechanical or manual clearing. After two years of goat treatment, the width of salt cedars was reduced by about 35\%, but only about 4\% of the large salt cedars were killed. It may take five years of goat browsing to deplete the root reserves of salt cedar sufficiently to increase tree mortality. Goats browsed desirable native plants as well as salt cedar, but most of the understory vegetation recovered during the following growing season. Large cottonwoods were not damaged and browsed willows resprouted vigorously. Grass cover, especially native grama grasses (Bouteloua barbatus and B. aristoides), increased from less than 1\% immediately before goat browsing to about 20\% one year after goat browsing.}, keywords = {Bosque, goats, New Mexico, salt cedar}, author = {S. Tartowski} } @proceedings {50681, title = {Mapping shrub encroachment from 1937-2003 in the Jornada Basin of southern New Mexico}, year = {2004}, month = {May 23-28, 2004}, pages = {Abstract No. 120}, address = {Denver, CO}, abstract = {Shrub encroachment into arid and semi-arid grass-dominated landscapes has been noted in many parts of the Southwestern United States. Although it is well known that shrubs have increased over time, we have little quantitative information related to the rate of vegetation change over a particular time period. Our objective was to use aerial photos to measure the rate of shrub advance which is influenced by outside factors such as persistent drought periods and, in turn, has a direct influence on changes in the water, carbon, and energy cycles of these arid lands. In the Jornada basin of southern New Mexico, shrub increase has been measured with various ground survey techniques extending back to 1858. Researchers at two rangeland research field stations, the Jornada Experimental Range (JER) (USDA-ARS) (783 km2) established in 1912 and the adjacent Chihuahuan Desert Rangeland Research Center (CDRRC) (New Mexico State University) (259 km2) established in 1927, have been attempting to remediate the shrub-invaded grasslands with a number of rangeland treatments since the early 1900s. Initially, manual and mechanical removal techniques were used along with experimentation with various chemicals and fire in certain pastures. Starting in the 1950s, herbicides were applied to many pastures through the 1970s. Herbicides were effective in controlling the shrub advance if used on a regular basis. Record keeping was not consistent, but it seems that herbicide treatments were applied to much of the basin where shrubs were present. This widespread use of herbicides has made it difficult to assess how rapidly the shrubs were invading grassland in the last 60+ years. According to CDRRC records, only Pasture 2 has not been treated with herbicides. We have chosen Pasture 2 to monitor the shrub advance unaffected by herbicide treatments since the mid 1930s when aerial photographs wereacquired over the Jornada basin for the first time. Since 1936, thirty-seven separate aerial photography missions have been flown over parts of JER/CDRRC. Recently, the area has been imaged with high resolution commercial satellites. We selected 11 aerial photos that covered the study area and had sufficient resolution for shrub detection. A QuickBird satellite image was used for the 2003 coverage of the area. All photos were scanned, georectified and resampled to a common resolution of 86 cm. For our analysis, we used an object-oriented classification approach. In a pixel-based classification, the difficulty with analyzing single band aerial photos is associated with the low spectral resolution. This makes it often impossible to differentiate shrubs from the background in different areas of the image. An object-oriented approach allows the user to apply locally different strategies for analysis. We used the fractal net evolution approach (FNEA), which is an object-oriented multi-scale image analysis method embedded in the software eCognition (Baatz and Schaepe 2000, Definiens 2003). The first step is a segmentation of the image based on 3 parameters: scale, color (spectral information) and shape, which segments the image into object primitives based on the chosen parameters. Classification is then performed using those objects rather than single pixels. The multiresolution segmentation approach allows for segmentation at different scales, which is used to construct a hierarchical network of image objects representing the image information in different spatial resolutions simultaneously. This allows for differentiation of individual shrubs on the lower level, and determination of different shrub density classes on a higher level. The classification is based on fuzzy logic theory combined with user-defined rules. Spectral, shape and statistical characteristics as well as relationships between linked levels of the image object primitives can be used to combine them into meaningful classes. The total area covered by individual shrubs in pasture 2 increased from 0.9\% in 1937 to 13.1\% in 2003. In 1960, shrub cover increased to 10.9\%, then decreased in 1967 before resuming a gradual increase until 2003. Most of the shrub cover increase occurred during and just after the 1951-1957 drought which is believed to be the most severe in the past 350 years. The high shrub cover in 1960 may be partially attributed to image quality. Although all images were resampled to the same pixel size, shrubs appeared larger and separate shrubs tended to merge together in the 1960 image. In the 2003 QuickBird image, shrubs appeared to be less defined, however, visual inspection confirmed that a larger proportion of small shrubs were captured. This is due to the larger bit depth (11 bits) in the QuickBird image compared to the 8 bit range in aerial photography. Due to limitations in pixel size, the smallest shrub we could classify was 0.74 m2 (1 pixel), although many of the small shrubs were not captured due to lack of contrast. Therefore, our shrub cover estimate is likely an underestimation of the actual shrub cover. In this Pasture 2 study area, the average rate of increase of shrub cover percentage is about 0.2\% per year over the 66 year period. More rapid increases are noted in specific years, such as after the 1951-1957 severe drought. Certain years illustrate that shrub cover can also decline. It is difficult to say if this is a real effect or one resulting from varying image quality. The object-oriented multi-scale image analysis method used in this study has several advantages over a pixel based classification approach when the goal is the extraction of relatively small objects such as shrubs from panchromatic aerial photos and high resolution satellite images. This method approximates the way humans interpret information visually from aerial photos, but has the advantage of an automated classification routine. Combining several scales of analysis in a hierarchical segmentation method is appropriate in an ecological sense. The difficulties we encountered were related to varying image qualities (resolution, contrast, sun angle) as well as separating image quality from ecological variations (moisture conditions, time of year). Nevertheless, historical photos provide an important record of shrub increase over time. This technique shows promise for evaluating shrub encroachment using historical aerial photography and high resolution satellite imagery.}, keywords = {drainage basin, Jornada Basin, mapping, New Mexico, shrub encroachment, snow cover}, author = {Andrea S. Laliberte and A. Rango} } @conference {50802, title = {Black grama grass under the microscope; anatomical festures of a native palnt from southwestern United States}, booktitle = {Microscopy and Microanalysis}, volume = {9}, number = {2}, year = {2003}, month = {2003}, pages = {1348-1349}, abstract = {Black grama grass (Bouteloua eriopoda) is a perennial desert grass native to the arid Southwestern United States. It is most common in the Chihuahuan Desert, occupying large areas of New Mexico and Arizona, where occurrence of drought conditions are high. Black grama tends to grow in sandy loam soils low in organic matter. However, it contains one of the highest protein contents of any desert grass, thus offering very nutritious forage for livestock and wildlife. Due to its bunchgrass-like nature, black grama aids in reducing soil erosion from rainfall. Some drought tolerance adaptive features include a root system that extends four or more feet into the soil and a small leaf blade size (2mm wide). Unfortunately, abundance of black grama is being greatly reduced by factors such as overgrazing and invasion of Honey mesquite plants. Due to the importance of black grama grass and its easily observable adaptive features, we investigated its cellular structures to find more specialized components of this plant that allow it to survive in drought conditions.}, keywords = {Arizona, black grama, grass, native, New Mexico}, url = {/files/bibliography/03-040.pdf}, author = {O{\textquoteright}Donnell, B. and Kersey, S. and Gallegos, L. and J.R. Barrow and Ghoshroy, S.} } @article {50934, title = {Remote sensing documentation of historic rangeland remediation treatments in southern New Mexico}, journal = {Journal of Arid Environments}, volume = {50}, number = {4}, year = {2002}, note = {Entered in ARIS at Beltsville July 7, 2001}, month = {April 1, 2002}, pages = {549-572}, abstract = {

The Jornada Experimental Range and the New Mexico State University Chihuahuan Desert Rangeland Research Center are fruitful areas to study the long term effects of rangeland remediation treatments which started in the 1930s. A number of diverse manipulations were completed under the direction of federal agency and university scientist, and abundant remote sensing imagery is available to assist in relocating the treatments and evaluating their success. This is particularly important because few of the treatments were maintained following the loss of scientific personnel coinciding with the start of World War II, and most records of Civilian Conservation Corps scientific work were lost with the disbanding of the agency in 1942. Aerial photography, which was systematically used to image the United States beginning in the 1930s, can be used to identify types of treatments, measure area coverage, estimate longevity, and help contour terraces, brush hwater spreaders, strips grubbed free of shrubs (despite the fact that thes strips have remained visible for 65 years), and mechanical rootplowing and seeding. Distinct positive, long-term vegetation responses could be seen in aerial photos and existing conventional records that experimental manipulation of rangelands has often been ineffective on the landscape scale because treatments are not performed over large enough contiguous area and hydrological and ecological processes overwhelm the treatments. In addition, treatments are not maintained over time, treatment evaluation periods are sometimes too short, multipurpose treatments are not used to maximize effects, and treatments are often not located in appropriate sites.

}, keywords = {aerial photography, New Mexico, rangeland remediation, remote sensing, shrub removal, water spreading}, doi = {10.1006/jare.2001.0865}, url = {/files/bibliography/02-070.pdf}, author = {A. Rango and Sarah Goslee and Jeffrey E. Herrick and M. Chopping and Kris Havstad and L. Huenneke and Gibbens, Robert P. and Reldon F. Beck and R.P. McNeely} } @article {50978, title = {Biological and geochemical controls on phosphorus fractions in semiarid soils}, journal = {Biogeochemistry}, volume = {52}, year = {2001}, note = {//?//LTER IV//}, month = {2001}, pages = {155-172}, abstract = {

This study examined the concentration of organic and inorganicphosphorus in surface soils of a Boutelouagracilis-Bouteloua eriopoda grassland, and a Larreatridentata shrubland, in the northern Chihuahuan Desert, NewMexico, U.S.A. In this desert where the grassland vegetation has auniform spatial distribution and individual shrubs have a patchy spatialdistribution across the landscape, vegetation strongly influences thedistribution of soil nutrients. Most studies of soil phosphorusfractions in desert soils have focused primarily on inorganic Pfractions and have demonstrated the importance of geochemical controlson soil P cycling. The research presented here addressed the question ofwhether organic phosphorus, determined by the presence of differentvegetation types, also contributes to soil P cycling. Within soils ofsimilar age, topography, parent material, and climatic regime, sampleswere collected under and between vegetation and analyzed for P fractionsfollowing a modified sequential fractionation scheme. Most soilinorganic P was found in the HCl- and cHCl-extractable forms in both thegrassland and shrubland soils, indicating CaCO3 control overphosphorus availability. In contrast, most soil organic P was bound toAl and Fe minerals. Labile, plant-available P fractions summed to9.5\% of total P in the grassland and 6.1\% in theshrubland. Organic P comprised 13.3\% of the total phosphorus poolin the grassland and 12.0\% in the shrubland. Our results showthat the organic P pool may represent an important, yet oftenoverlooked, source of P in semiarid ecosystems.

}, keywords = {article, articles, biological controls, desert soils, geochemistry, journal, journals, New Mexico, phosphorous,soil, sequential P fractionation, soil organic phosphorus, soil phosphorus, soil, phosphorous}, doi = {10.1023/A:1006437504494}, url = {files/bibliography/JRN00322.pdf}, author = {Cross, Anne F. and W. H. Schlesinger} } @proceedings {51063, title = {The impact of the structure and composition of shrub-coppice dune landscapes on MASTER reflectance anisotropy}, volume = {IAHS Publication No. 267}, year = {2000}, note = {Proceedings of a symposium held at Santa Fe, NM, April 2000}, month = {2001}, pages = {162-167}, publisher = {Remote Sensing and Hydrology}, address = {Santa Fe, NM }, abstract = {This study assess the effects of physical structure and composition of shrub-coppice dune landscapes on anisotropy in the NASA MODIS-ASTER Airborne Simulator (MASTER) solar channels, and investigates the viability of simulating multi-angular data sets using off-nadir airborne imaging radiometry from a single overpass by means of data segmentation.}, keywords = {anisotropy, dunes, landscape, mesquite, multiple view angle, New Mexico, structure}, url = {/files/bibliography/01-080.pdf}, author = {M. Chopping and T. J. Schmugge and A. Rango and Jerry Ritchie and William P. Kustas} } @article {51356, title = {Effects of Flourensia cernua ingestion on nitrogen balance of sheep consuming tobosa}, journal = {Journal of Range Management}, volume = {49}, year = {1996}, note = {Permission to post articles granted by the Society for Range Management; www.rangelands.org.}, month = {1996}, pages = {331-335}, abstract = {

Flourensia cernua DC. (tarbush) is a deciduous shrub with potential as a high-protein forage source for livestock. Twenty-four Polypay x Rambouillet wethers housed in metabolism crates were used to evaluate tarbush as a N source for sheep fed a low quality grass diet. Treatments were 100\% ground tobosa grass (Pleuraphis mutica Buckl.) or tobosa substituted with 10, 20, or 30\% whole pre-bloom tarbush leaves (n = 5) or 26\% ground alfalfa (n = 4, Medicago sativa L.) on a dry matter basis (dmb). Sheep were fed ad libitum for 11 days, after which feed was restricted to 1 \% (dmb) of body weight for 11 days to reduce sorting and maintain uniform intake. Apparent dry matter digestibility was not improved (P = 0.2646) with tarbush or alfalfa. Fecal N was similar (P = 0.1626), but urinary N varied (P = 0.0008) among treatments. Apparent N digestibility differed (P = 0.0042) among treatments (43, 46, 50, 56, and 63\% for sheep consuming 0, 10, 20, or 30\% tarbush or alfalfa, respectively). All treatments resulted in similar (P = 0.1569) but negative N retentions (-2.4, -2.2, -2.8, -2.0, and -1.5 g day-1 for sheep consuming 0, 10, 20, or 30\% tarbush or alfalfa, respectively). Serum clinical profiles (day 22) confirmed all sheep were nutritionally stressed, but did not indicate toxicosis. Although neither tarbush nor alfalfa N compensated for the low quality basal diet, N from 30\% tarbush was utilized with similar efficiency to alfalfa N. The major impediment for using tarbush as a N source appeared to be low palatability.

}, keywords = {alfalfa, blood chemistry, body weight, cholesterol, digestible protein, dry matter, feed intake, Flourensia, grasses, Leaves, New Mexico, nitrogen balance, nitrogen retention, Pleuraphis mutica, sheep, urea, weed palatability}, url = {/files/bibliography/497.pdf}, author = {D. King and E.L. Fredrickson and Richard E. Estell and Kris Havstad and Wallace, J.D. and L. W. Murray} } @proceedings {51358, title = {Condition of New Mexico rangelands derived from multi-year AVHRR imagery and associated spatial variables}, year = {1996}, month = {1996}, pages = {I-247 to I-256}, address = {Las Vegas, NV}, abstract = {The Desert Research Institute in cooperation with the Environmental Protection Agency Characterization Research Division, Las Vegas, has been evaluating indicators of rangeland health derived from remote sensing technology. The primary objective of this project was to determine the ability of multi-date remote sensing imagery to detect variation in vegetation productivity, as a potential indicator of ecosystem condition in the western U.S. The conterminous U.S. AVHRR biweekly composites were acquired from EROS Data Center from the six year 1989-1994. Normalized Difference Vegetaqtion Index (NDVI) data for New Mexico were imported into a Geographical Information System. Using a digital vegetation map for the state, woodland and montane vegetation types were masked, leaving two grassland and four shrub-dominated vegetation classes. Average annual NDVI was calculated for each year, and a series of regression analysis were performed using 1989 as the reference year (independent variable), and each subsequent year as dependent variables. Outliers were identified as pixels two standard deviations from the calculated regression line, indicating 14 areas of change, three with lower productivity versus 1989, and 11 with higher productivity. Mining, military activity and irrigated agriculture were among the causes of change.}, keywords = {AVHRR, imagery, New Mexico, rangelands, spatial variables}, author = {J. Lancaster and T. Wade and T. Minor and Walter G. Whitford and B. Jones} } @proceedings {51944, title = {Grass and forb production on sprayed and nonsprayed mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa Torr.) dunes and interdunes in south-central New Mexico}, year = {1983}, month = {1983}, pages = {437-440}, address = {Lexington, KY}, abstract = {Production of grasses and forbs was measured for 4 years beginning in 1976 and following aerial application of 2,4,5-T to 3,634 ha of mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa Torr.) dunelands on the Jornada Experimental Range in south-central New Mexico. Plant production was also measured on a 3,318-ha control area. The mesquite dunelands arc representative of large areas in the southwestern USA where mesquite has invaded former desert grasslands. Objectives of the study were to determine forage increases attributable to reduced mesquite competition and to evaluate the relationships between production and precipitation. Both sprayed and control areas were grazed by cattle. Temporary exclosures were used to exclude cattle from three sampling sites on the sprayed and control areas each year. The sampling sites were all on sandy ranges with relatively deep soils (>50 cm to caliche layer). A dune-centered sampling system permitted the determination of differences in production on dune and interdune areas. The mesquite dunes, occupying 28\% of the land surface, produced more annual forbs and fewer perennial grasses than the interdune areas. Stem kill of mesquite averaged 56\% at sampling sites on the sprayed area. End-of-season harvests were used to compare treatments.}, keywords = {dunelands, forbs, grasses, mesquite, New Mexico, nonsprayed, Prosopis glandulosa Torr., sprayed}, url = {/files/bibliography/230.pdf}, author = {Gibbens, Robert P.} } @conference {51985, title = {Range management practices for reducing sediment losses from selected sites in New Mexico}, booktitle = {36th Annual Meeting, Society for Range Management}, year = {1983}, month = {1983}, pages = {No. 220}, keywords = {New Mexico, range management, sediment loss}, author = {J. C. Wood and Wood, M. K. and J.M. Tromble and Fowler, J.M.} } @article {51996, title = {Summer and Fall Diets of Blacktailed Jackrabbits on Semidesert Rangeland}, number = {Research Report 476}, year = {1982}, month = {1982}, pages = {19}, institution = {New Mexico State University}, address = {Las Cruces}, abstract = {

The black-tailed jackrabbit (Lepus californicus) is one of the most widespread herbivores on western rangelands. It occurs from Canada to northern Mexico and from the west coast to the Central Plains of the U.S. (Hansen and Flinders, 1969). Apparently they favor an open or semi-open habitat because they depend on speed and distance to escape predators (Ingles, 1947; Leopold, 1959).

Since black-tailed jackrabbits are so widely distributed, they must be able to utilize a wide array of food sources. Thus food-habit studies conducted in one area may not apply to another. In previous studies, jackrabbits and cattle exhibited considerable dietary overlap (Hansen and Flinders, 1969; Sparks, 1968; and Uresk, 1978). Griffing and Davis (1976) reported on gross examination of stomach contents and feeding behavior of blacktailed jackrabbits in southeastern New Mexico, but not on detailed food habits. However, information on food habits of the black-tailed jackrabbit in New Mexico is lacking but is needed for proper management of these herbivores.

The objective of this study was to compare botanical {\textperiodcentered} composition of black-tailed jackrabbit diets from different vegetational types, using microhistological analysis of fecal pellets.

}, keywords = {Agricultural Experiment Station, blacktailed, diets, jackrabbits, New Mexico, research report}, url = {/files/bibliography/213.pdf}, author = {Dabo, Sira-Mady and Pieper, Rex D. and Reldon F. Beck and Southward, G.M.} } @proceedings {52032, title = {Grass and forb production on sprayed and nonsprayed mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa Torr.) dunelands in south-central New Mexico}, year = {1981}, month = {1981}, pages = {222}, address = {Lexington, KY}, abstract = {

Production of grasses and forbs was measured for 4 years beginning in 1976 and following aerial application of 2,4,5-T to 3,634 ha of mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa Torr.) dunelands on the Jornada Experimental Range in south-central New Mexico. Plant production was also measured on a 3,318-ha control area. The mesquite dunelands arc representative of large areas in the southwestern USA where mesquite has invaded former desert grasslands. Objectives of the study were to determine forage increases attributable to reduced mesquite competition and to evaluate the relationships between production and precipitation. Both sprayed and control areas were grazed by cattle. Temporary exclosures were used to exclude cattle from three sampling sites on the sprayed and control areas each year. The sampling sites were all on sandy ranges with relatively deep soils (\>50 cm to caliche layer). A dune-centered sampling system permitted the determination of differences in production on dune and interdune areas. The mesquite dunes, occupying 28\% of the land surface, produced more annual forbs and fewer perennial grasses than the interdune areas. Stem kill of mesquite averaged 56\% at sampling sites on the sprayed area. End-of-season harvests were used to compare treatments.

}, keywords = {dunelands, forbs, grasses, mesquite, New Mexico, nonsprayed, Prosopis glandulosa Torr., sprayed}, url = {/files/bibliography/194.pdf}, author = {Gibbens, Robert P.} } @conference {52388, title = {Range and forest resources of New Mexico}, booktitle = {New Mexico State University Meeting: Environment, People, and Culture}, year = {1970}, month = {1970}, pages = {10-11}, abstract = {New Mexico is big country. Its 122,600 square miles make it the fifth largest state. It extends nearly 350 miles from north to south and slightly less from east to west. Within these boundaries lie the vast extremes of sun-scorched arid land and pine-topped mountain ranges. Climate is greatly varied. Temperatures have reached54{\textdegree}F below zero in the northern mountains and 110{\textdegree}F in the southern deserts. Precipitation is low and undependable, ranging from 8 inches annually in the southern Rio Grande Valley to 20 inches in the higher mountains. The average elevation of the state is nearly 5700 feet, ranging from the low point of 2800 feet where the Pecos River enters Texas, to 13,150 feet at the top of Wheeler Peak in Taos County. New Mexico{\textquoteright}s forest and range resources are made up of six general vegetation types: grassland, woodland, forest, semidesert brush, big sagebrush and shinnery oak. Forest Service figures indicate that 23 percent of these lands, or 18.2 million acres, are forested, with 6.3 million acres of commercial forests and 11.9 million acres classed as woodland. Only 2.6 million acres of the state{\textquoteright}s 77.7 million acres are cultivated, leaving about 95 percent of the state{\textquoteright}s area available to livestock and wildlife for grazing, excluding acreage in urban and highway development.}, keywords = {forest resources, New Mexico, range resources}, url = {/files/bibliography/122.pdf}, author = {D.D. Dwyer and C.H. Herbel and C.A. Davis} } @article {52639, title = {Calf crop increases on the Jornada}, journal = {Organized Farming}, volume = {3}, number = {3}, year = {1922}, month = {1922}, pages = {1-2}, abstract = {

New Mexico has in the neighborhood of 70,000,000 acres of land chiefly valuable for grazing livestock. About 18,500,000 acres are found in the southern tier of low-rainfall counties. The importance of this vast area in the economic life of New Mexico may be realized when it\’s known that an estimate by the Bureau of Markets and Crop Estimates places the number of cattle in southern New Mexico at 435,000 head, or about 30 per cent of the total in the state. Investigations in range cattle management have been conducted at the Jornada Range Reserve since 1915 by the U.S. Forest Service in cooperation with C.T. Turney, a practical stockman of long experience in the Southwest. Periodic droughts, varying from 1 to 4 years in duration, may occur every 7 to 10 years and play such an important part in range production in the Southwest that any system of range management must take in consideration this factor. The investigators have endeavored to work out an economic system of management for range and stock which would maintain a good breeding herd, regardless of the drought factor and, at the same time, secure highest productivity of the forage and its proper use.

}, keywords = {cattle, forage productivity, management system, New Mexico, range}, url = {/files/bibliography/009.pdf}, author = {Nelson, E. W.} } @booklet {52646, title = {Flora of New Mexico}, volume = {19}, year = {1915}, month = {June 24, 1915}, pages = {794}, publisher = {Smithsonian Institution, United States National Museum, Contributions from the United States National Herbarium, Government Printing Office}, chapter = {794}, abstract = {This volume of contributions is devoted to flora of New Mexico; only the flowering plants and vascular cryptogams of New Mexico are contained in the present work. Keys are given for the determination of the species, as well as of the larger groups, so the volume may be used as a field manual. At the same time, the citations will enable those who have access to libraries to readily consult the original descriptions of the species. The number of species treated is approximately 3,000. Notwithstanding the large amount of fieldwork already accomplished, many remote districts in New Mexico are still imperfectly known botanically, so that eventually this number will doubtless be increased by several hundred species. The treatise in its present form, however, contains most of the plants growing spontaneously in those parts of the state thus far settled or frequently visited. This is the fourth volume of the contributions to be devoted to a state flora, the others being the Botany of Western Texas (volume 2), the Plant Life of Alabama (volume 6) and the Flora of Washington (volume I1).}, keywords = {field manual, flora, government publication, New Mexico, species}, url = {/files/bibliography/002.pdf}, author = {Wooton, E.O. and Standley, P. C.} } @article {52648, title = {Preliminary Report on Flora of New Mexico}, volume = {19}, year = {1913}, month = {June 24, 1913}, publisher = {U.S. Department of Agriculture}, keywords = {flora, New Mexico}, author = {Wooton, E.O. and Standley, P. C.} }