@article {50544, title = {Effect of previous exposure of sheep to monoterpene odors on intake of alfalfa pellets treated with camphor or alpha-pinene}, journal = {Small Ruminant Research}, volume = {58}, year = {2005}, note = {This is not a duplicate; ARIS No. 151564 has same title but is an abstract submitted for a meeting. }, month = {April 1, 2005}, pages = {33-38}, abstract = {Lambs were subjected to odors of two monoterpenes (camphor and alpha-pinene) that decreased intake in a previous study to determine if exposure during feeding modified their effects on subsequent intake. Two experiments were conducted using a split-plot design and with 36 ewe lambs (mean BW = 23.1 and 42.2 kg in Exp. 1 and 2, respectively) group-fed alfalfa pellets (3.8\% of BW, DM basis) in enclosed portable buildings for 2 h each morning for 56 d. Nine lambs were randomly assigned to each of four buildings, and 25 g of camphor (Exp. 1) or 50 ml of alpha-pinene (Exp. 2) were placed in a mesh-covered container in the center of the feeder in two buildings immediately before feeding. After the 8-wk exposure period (phase 1), lambs were individually fed alfalfa pellets (640 g, DM basis) for 20 min each morning for 10 d (5-d adaptation, 5-d collection) in a metabolism building (phase 2). Treatments were sprayed on alfalfa pellets at levels representing the concentration of that chemical in Flourensia cernua or at 10-fold that concentration. Controls received the ethanol carrier only. During phase 2, lambs were fed in three groups (n = 12), stratified such that one lamb from each building received each treatment in each group. Lambs were housed as one group and fed alfalfa pellets at 4.7\% of BW (DM basis) except during the 20-min tests. No interactions with day were detected for intake during adaptation or collection periods for either chemical (P > 0.05); therefore, data were pooled across day. Exposure to the volatile aroma for 8 wk had no effect on intake during the subsequent 10-d interval for either monoterpene (P > 0.05). Moreover, intake during the collection period was not affected by treatment concentration (P > 0.05). Neither concentration of the terpene applied to alfalfa pellets nor previous exposure to the volatile aroma from camphor or alpha-pinene altered feed intake under the conditions of this study.}, keywords = {herbivory, intake, monoterpenes, olfaction, sheep}, url = {/files/bibliography/05-022.pdf}, author = {Richard E. Estell and E.L. Fredrickson and D.M. Anderson and Kris Havstad and M.D. Remmenga} } @article {51213, title = {Relationship of tarbush leaf surface terpene profile with livestock herbivory}, journal = {Journal of Chemical Ecology}, volume = {24}, number = {1}, year = {1998}, month = {January 1, 1998}, pages = {1-12}, abstract = {

Tarbush (Flourensia cernua DC.) is a Chihuahuan Desert shrub with a resinous leaf surface containing terpenes that may affect livestock herbivory. Cattle, sheep, and goats were densely stocked in paddocks containing tarbush in two consecutive years for six to nine days and defoliation of 160 plants was recorded daily. Plants were categorized as exhibiting high or low defoliation. Leaves were collected from these plants the third year for chemical analysis. A selection procedure was used to generate two variable sets closely related to defoliation category. One set contained 14 variables (dry matter, ash, -pinene, sabinene, 3-carene, p-cymene, limonene, camphor, bomeol, cis-jasmone, {\^a} -caryophyllene, alpha-humulene, ledene, and flourensadiol) and the other set contained 14 unidentified compounds. When subjected to multivariate analysis, each group distinguished between the two defoliation categories (P \<0.001 and P \<0.0019 for known and unknown variable sets, respectively). These data support the hypothesis that leaf surface chemistry of individual tarbush plants is related to extent of defoliation by livestock.

}, keywords = {diet selection, Epicuticular wax, Flourensia cernua, leaf surface chemistry, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes}, doi = {10.1023/A:1022399426352 }, url = {/files/bibliography/608.pdf}, author = {Richard E. Estell and E.L. Fredrickson and D.M. Anderson and Kris Havstad and M.D. Remmenga} } @article {51322, title = {Tarbush leaf surface terpene profile in relation to mammalian herbivory}, year = {1996}, note = {NOT A DUPLICATE OF RECORD $\#$474}, month = {1996}, pages = {237-241}, publisher = {US Forest Service}, edition = {Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-GTR}, abstract = {

Cattle, sheep and goats were densely stocked in pad- docks containing tarbush (Flourensia cernua DC) for six to nine days and defoliation of 160 plants was recorded daily during two years. Plants were separated into high, moderate or low defoliation categories. Leaves were collected from plants during the same stage of maturity during the third year. Leaf surface compounds were extracted with ethanol and mono- and sesquiterpenes were ana-lyzed using gas chromatography/ion trap mass spectrometry. A set of 11 variables was identified that appeared most closely related to plant defoliation categories: dry matter, ash, limonene, camphor, borneol, a copaene, B caryophyllene, a pinene, p-cymene, cis-jasmone and caryophyllene oxide concentrations. This group distinguished among all three defoliation categories (P \< 0.03) when subjected to multivariate analysis. These data support the hypothesis that leaf surface chemistry is related to degree of defoliation of individual tarbush plants by livestock.

}, keywords = {diet selection, Epicuticular wax, Flourensia cernua, leaf surface chemistry, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes}, url = {/files/bibliography/512.pdf}, author = {Richard E. Estell and E.L. Fredrickson and D.M. Anderson and Kris Havstad and M.D. Remmenga} } @article {51438, title = {Relationship of tarbush leaf surface secondary chemistry to livestock herbivory}, journal = {Journal of Range Management}, volume = {47}, year = {1994}, note = {Permission to post articles granted by the Society for Range Management; www.rangelands.org.}, month = {1994}, pages = {424-428}, abstract = {

Tarbush (Flourensia cernua DC.) is an abundant shrub native to the Chihuahuan desert. Limited use as a forage by ruminants has been observed. The objective of this studey was to eexamine the leaf surface chemistyr of tarbush inrelation to degree of use by ruminants. Mature tarbush leaves were collected on 2 sites during 2 periods approximately 2 weeks apart from plants exhibiting either high (\>45\%) or low (\<10\%) use when browsed by cattle, sheep, and goats confined to a small area (5 plants per use category for each site/period combination). A greater (P\<0.05) concentration of epicuticular wax was detected on the leaf surface of plants used to a lower degree. Epicuticular wax concentration was 8.2 and 10.3\% of the leaf dry matter for high and low used plants, repectively. Several leaf surface compounds were related to period, while site and degree of use were seldom related to individual mon- and sesquiterpenes measure in this study. Camphene and 10 unidentified compounds differed between periods (P 0.10). Two unidentified compounds were related to site (P \< 0.10) and 2 others were related to use (P\<.0.10). In summary, individual leaf surface compounds on tarbush do not appear to greatly affect degree of us of tarbush by livestock, but collectively ( based on epicuticular wax data), these compunds may influence the diet selected by browsing ruminants.

}, keywords = {Epicuticular wax, herbivores, Leaves, livestock, monoterpenes, Plant biochemistry, plants, shrubs, terpenes, terpenoids}, doi = {10.2307/4002991 }, url = {/files/bibliography/418.pdf}, author = {Richard E. Estell and E.L. Fredrickson and D.M. Anderson and W. Mueller and M.D. Remmenga} }