@article {50379,
	title = {Influence of secondary compound complementarity and species diversity on consumption of Mediterranean shrubs by sheep},
	journal = {Applied Animal Behavior Science},
	volume = {107},
	year = {2007},
	month = {September 7, 200},
	pages = {58-65},
	abstract = {Generalist herbivores foraging in chemically diverse grazing ecosystems like the Mediterranean maquis increase intake on mixed diets, suggesting they are more able to meet nutritional needs and avoid toxicosis. Thus, our objectives were to determine how shrub species diversity and complementary interactions between tannins and saponins influence intake of Mediterranean shrubs by sheep. We conducted four experiments comparing intake of mixtures of Mediterranean shrub mixtures varying in number of species and/or principal class of secondary compound (tannins or saponins) by sheep (n = 12). Sheep consumed more total foliage (P < 0.01) when offered a high-tannin shrub (Pistacia lentiscus; Exp. 1), two high-tannin shrubs (Pistacia lentiscus and Arbutus unedo; Exp.2), or three high-tannin shrubs (Pistacia lentiscus, Arbutus unedo, and Quercus ilex; Exp. 3) when fed in conjunction with a  high-saponin shrub (Hedera helix) than with an equal  number of high-tannin shrubs (20.94 vs. 16.32 g/kg BW; 28.76 vs. 20.77 g/kg BW, and 35.34 vs. 26.85 g/kg BW). Likewise, sheep ate more foliage (P < 0.01) of each individual shrub (Pistacia lentiscus, Arbutus unedo, and Quercus ilex) in the mixture when fed with Hedera helix than with an equal number of high-tannin shrubs (8.17 vs. 4.95 g/kg BW; 13.28 vs.10.68 g/kg BW, and 7.62 vs. 5.16 g/kg BW), suggesting a complementary interaction between tannins and saponins may have occurred. Sheep also appeared to increase total shrub intake as number of shrub species on offer increased, regardless of number of classes of compounds present. Our findings suggest that secondary compounds in Mediterranean shrubs (tannins and saponins) are complementary. Species diversity also plays an important role in diet selection, as plant species with different types and amounts of nutrients and phytotoxins may affect forage intake and animal production. This knowledge may be useful for livestock producers to capitalize on phytochemical interactions to improve performance of livestock foraging on Mediterranean shrublands.},
	keywords = {consumption, diversity, herbivores, mediterranean, sheep},
	url = {/files/bibliography/07-025.pdf},
	author = {Rogosic, J. and Richard E. Estell and Skobic, D. and Stanic, S.}
}
