@article {50311,
	title = {Wind erodibility of soils at Fort Irwin, California (Mojave Desert), USA, before and after trampling disturbance: implications for land management},
	journal = {Earth Surface Porcesses and Landforms},
	volume = {32},
	year = {2007},
	note = {Originally submitted to Journal of Arid Environments, withdrawn for publication delay reasons. Submitted to Earth Surface Porcess and Landforms - published with different authors.Duplicate entries 183506-delete/159613-delete.},
	month = {04/2007},
	pages = {75-84},
	publisher = {Wiley InterScience},
	abstract = {We compared short-term effects of lug-soled-boot-trampling disturbance on water infiltration and soil erodibility on coarse-textured soils in the Mojave Desert. Trampling significantly reduced final infiltration rate and total infiltration and increased sediment generation from small (0.5 m2) rainfall simulation plots (p\&lt;0.01). Trampling had no effect on time to runoff or time to peak runoff. Trampling also significantly reduced surface gravel cover. Trampling had similar effects at sites with both low and high chlorophyll a content, where chlorophyll a is used as an index of the level of microbiotic crust development. We concluded that trampling effects are relatively independent of the presence of microbiotic crusts in this environment. Instead, trampling appears to reduce infiltration by reducing gravel and coarse sand cover, facilitating the development of a sieving crust during rainfall simulation.},
	url = {/files/bibliography/07-008.pdf},
	author = {Jayne Belnap and Phillips, S.L. and Jeffrey E. Herrick and J. Johansen}
}
@article {51205,
	title = {Vulnerability of desert soil surfaces to wind erosion: the influences of crust development, soil texture, and disturbance},
	journal = {Journal of Arid Environments},
	volume = {39},
	year = {1998},
	note = {//??//LTER-III//},
	month = {1998},
	pages = {133-142},
	keywords = {article, articles, disturbance, wind, journal, journals, soil properties, soil texture, wind erosion},
	author = {Jayne Belnap and D. E. Gillette}
}
@article {51264,
	title = {Disturbance of biological soil crusts: Impacts on potential wind erodibility of sandy desert soils in southeastern Utah, U.S.A.},
	journal = {Land Degradation and Rehabilitation},
	year = {1997},
	note = {//?//LTER III//},
	month = {1997},
	abstract = {<p>Friction threshold velocities (FTVs) were determined for biological soil crusts in different stages of recovery. Particles on the surface of crusts that had been relatively undisturbed for at least 20 years were found to have significantly higher FTVs than those that had been disturbed 5, 10 or 1 years previously (376, 87, and 46 cm sec<sup>-1</sup>, respectively). FTV{\textquoteright}s for crust breakage was also much higher for undisturbed crusts when compared to the previously disturbed crusts (573, 148, and 88 cm sec<sup>-1</sup>, respectively). All crusted surfaces were more stable than bare sand, which had an FTV of 16 cm sec<sup>-1</sup>. Disturbance treatments were then applied to the three crustal classes. Disturbance significantly reduced the FTVs of all classes by 73{\textendash}92 per cent. Comparing crustal FTVs with mean and high monthly wind speeds found in this region, it was observed that only crusts that had been undisturbed for approximately 20 years or more were able to protect soil surfaces from wind gusts expected on the average of once a month. Other crustal classes, as well as all disturbance treatments, had FTVs lower or equal to that of commonly occurring winds in this region. Because most of the crustal biomass occurs in the top 0{\textperiodcentered}3 mm of soils, even slight soil loss can negatively influence stability and nutrient inputs to this ecosystem.</p>
},
	keywords = {article, articles, cryptobiotic crust, journal, journals, soil crust, soil erosion, soil properties, soil,biota, wind erosion},
	doi = {10.1002/(SICI)1099-145X(199712)8:4<355::AID-LDR266>3.0.CO;2-H},
	url = {files/bibliography/JRN00235.pdf},
	author = {Jayne Belnap and D. E. Gillette}
}
