@book {49877,
	title = {A Field Guide to Pedoderm and Pattern Classes Version 2.3},
	year = {2012},
	pages = {74},
	publisher = {USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range},
	organization = {USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range},
	type = {field guide},
	address = {Las Cruces, NM},
	abstract = {Pedoderm and Pattern Classes (PPCs) describe the spatial arrangement of plants, the soil pedoderm (i.e., the air-soil interface) and soil redistribution. PPCs provide a record of soil surface features and plant patterns that influence ecosystem function and complement snapshot observations of plant community composition and soil profiles. In essence, PPCs provide a simple language to describe soil surface features and plant patterns much in the same way we recognize plant communities or soil types using standardized names.
PPCs have categorical or ordinal values and are designed to be assessed quickly within field plots during inventory, soil survey, or when characterizing site conditions of monitoring plots. The class values provide a record of soil surface features and plant patterns that affect the site\&$\#$39;s ability to respond to management actions, restoration, and natural drivers. To date, obtaining information about these types of attributes has required highly technical and/or time-intensive procedures, so soil surface and plant pattern data have not been regularly collected. We developed PPCs to help remedy this limitation.
PPCs closely correspond to several of the indicators described in Interpreting Indicators of Rangeland Health (IIRH; Pellant et al., 2005) and Landscape Function Analysis (LFA; Tongway and Hindley 2004). Unlike IIRH, PPCs are not based on deviation from site potential, but rather describe existing conditions. Furthermore, PPCs integrate observations of multiple attributes that are dealt with individually in IIRH and LFA (such as pedestals, water flow patterns, rills and coppicing) to arrive at a single class value. Thus, a trained observer can evaluate a site quickly without rating and interpreting numerous individual indicators. PPCs are especially useful when multiple observations must be gathered quickly over extensive areas.},
	keywords = {field guide, pattern classes, pedoderm},
	isbn = {0-9755552-4-3},
	url = {files/FieldGuidePedodermPattern.pdf},
	author = {Laura M. Burkett and Brandon T Bestelmeyer and A.J. Tugel}
}
@conference {51021,
	title = {Comparison of LCTA with an integrated soil and vegetation monitoring protocol for monitoring grassland, shrubland, and savanna ecosystems},
	booktitle = {10th Annual Integrated Training Area Management Workshop},
	year = {2001},
	month = {August 27-31, 20},
	pages = {99},
	address = {Nashville, TN},
	abstract = {We compared the LCTA vegetation monitoring methods with a new integrated soil and vegetation rangeland monitoring protocol that was developed specifically for arid and semi-arid grasslands, shrublands and savannas and has been adapted to more mesic grassland ecosystems.  Data were collected by applying both methods in southern New Mexico.  We then evaluated the  cost (time efficiency) of the two protocols.  In addition, we assessed the ability of both methods to produce indicators that relay meaningful information about ecosystem function and the effects of disturbance at each site.  Specifically, we compared each protocol{\textquoteright}s ability to detect changes in three ecosystem attributes: soil and site stability, hydrologic function and biotic integrity.  Preliminary comparisons indicated the new methods are more sensitive to changes in soil and site stability and hydrologic function.  This is due to the new protocol{\textquoteright}s inclusion of soil measurements sand measurements of spatial patterns in vegetation.  The new methods also address a broader range of biotic integrity indicators through the inclusion of soil measurements.},
	author = {Laura M. Burkett and Jeffrey E. Herrick}
}
@conference {51022,
	title = {Monitoring grassland, shrubland and savanna ecosystems: LCTA versus an integrated soil and vegetation monitoring protocol},
	booktitle = {86th Annual Meeting, Ecological Society of America},
	year = {2001},
	month = {August 5-10, 200},
	pages = {322},
	address = {Madison, WI},
	abstract = {The Land Condition-Trend Analysis (LCTA) program is the U.S. Army{\textquoteright}s protocol for monitoring trends in land condition on Army installations.  We compared the LCTA vegetation monitoring methods with a new integrated soil and vegetation rangeland monitoring protocol that was developed specifically for grasslands, shrublands and savannas.  Data were collected  by applying both methods to previously established LCTA transects.  We the evaluated the cost (time efficiency) of the two protocols.  In addition, we assessed the ability of both methods to produce indicators that relay meaningful information about ecosystem function and the effects of disturbance at each site.  Specifically, we compared each protocol{\textquoteright}s ability to detect changes in three ecosystem attributes: soil and site stability, hydrologic function and biotic integrity.  Preliminary comparisons indicated the new methods are more sensitive to changes in soil land site stability and hydrologic function.  This is due to the new protocol{\textquoteright}s inclusion of soil measurements and measurements of spatial patterns in vegetation.  The new methods also address a broader range of biotic integrity indicators through the inclusion of soil measurements.},
	author = {Laura M. Burkett and Jeffrey E. Herrick and M.D. Remmenga and M. Hildegard Reiser}
}
