@article {JRN55384,
	title = {Soil loss and PM10 emissions from agricultural fields in the Junggar Basin over the past six decades},
	journal = {Journal of Soil and Water Conservation},
	volume = {77},
	year = {2022},
	month = {3/10/2022},
	pages = {113-125},
	abstract = {The Junggar Basin in north Xinjiang Province is regarded as one of the important dust sources in China. There is, however, a lack of information on long-term dust emissions originating from the basin. In these largely agricultural communities, wind erosion is a major concern that results in a threat to sustainable agriculture and environmental quality. This study assesses dust emissions from the agricultural community of the Junggar Basin in north Xinjiang based on soil and land use types extracted from remote sensing data in response to weather and climate over the past six decades. The Wind Erosion Prediction System (WEPS) was used to simulate annual soil loss and PM10 (particulate matter <=10 μm in aerodynamic diameter) emissions at 11 meteorological stations across the Junggar Basin. From 1958 to 2018, annual soil loss and PM10 emissions significantly decreased 3.65 and 0.2 kg m{\textendash}2 y{\textendash}1, respectively. This decrease was likely due to decreasing wind speed, but also associated with increased precipitation and temperature, and decreased solar radiation. Wind erosion occurred most frequently during April and May, accounting for 39\% of the annual soil loss and 40\% of the annual PM10 emission. In contrast, no erosion occurred in January, February, and December as a result of low temperature (<{\textendash}8.6{\textdegree}C), frozen soil conditions, and snow cover. Wind erosion risk appeared to decrease during the past six decades in response to observed climate change across the basin; however the southeast part of the basin experienced increasing wind erosion risk over the six decades. Projects to control wind erosion risk and combat dust emission should be given priority in the southeast part of the basin. Frequency of dust events was compared to simulated erosion; a strong linkage was found between simulated soil loss and frequency of dust storms based on regression analysis. This demonstrated that the modelling was acceptable in the conditions of this study and the results were prone to be reliable.},
	keywords = {climate, dust emission, land use types, soil types, weather, WEPS},
	doi = {10.2489/jswc.2022.00018 },
	url = {files/bibliography/22-013.pdf},
	author = {H. Pi and Nicholas Webb and J. Lei and S. Li}
}
@article {JRN55157,
	title = {Comparison of soil-aggregate crushing-energy meters},
	journal = {Aeolian Research},
	volume = {42},
	year = {2020},
	month = {01/10/2020},
	abstract = {<p class="rtejustify">Dry aggregate stability (DAS) is an important factor influencing soil wind erosion, dust emission and crop production. Historically and to the present, DAS has been determined using a horizontal- or vertical-plate crushing meter (Soil-Aggregate Crushing-Energy Meter, hereafter SACEM). The intent of this paper was to compare the performance of horizontal-plate SACEM with a commercial penetrometer (Mohr Digi-Test, hereafter MDT). The performance of both instruments was tested on aggregates collected from various soil types, crop rotations, soil amendments, and tillage systems across the inland Pacific Northwest United States (iPNW). Results indicated no consistently significant difference in DAS measured by the MDT and SACEM. However, there was evidence that SACEM under-estimated or MDT over-estimated DAS by 74 to 368\% in measuring the stability of strong aggregates (DAS \&gt; 3 J kg-1). Both instruments measured higher DAS for no-tillage summer fallow, winter wheat-summer fallow (WW-SF) rotations, and no green manure treatments compared with other tillage practices, oilseed rotations, and green manure treatments. The SACEM that has historically been used in measuring soil DAS can be replaced by the commercial penetrometer (MDT). Nonetheless, differences in the performance of instruments in measuring the stability of strong aggregates poses risks.</p>
},
	keywords = {Abrasion, Binding energy, Dry aggregate stability, dust emission, Particle cohesion, wind erosion},
	doi = {10.1016/j.aeolia.2019.100559},
	url = {files/bibliography/20-002.pdf},
	author = {H. Pi and David Huggins and Nicholas Webb and Brenton Sharrat}
}
@article {JRN55217,
	title = {Critical standing crop residue amounts for wind erosion control in the inland Pacific Northwest, USA},
	journal = {CATENA},
	volume = {195},
	year = {2020},
	month = {06/2020},
	chapter = {104742},
	abstract = {Crop residue is an important factor influencing wind erosion of cultivated soils. Establishing soil surface protection afforded by standing crop residue is critical for land managers seeking to reduce or prevent soil loss by wind erosion and the impacts of blowing dust from agricultural lands. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of standing residue on soil wind erosion in the inland Pacific Northwest (iPNW), USA, and test the performance of the plant factor algorithm~of the Agricultural Policy/Environmental eXtender (APEX) and Revised Wind Erosion Equation (RWEQ) models in~influencing~soil loss. The effect of standing winter wheat, spring canola, and garbanzo residue on wind erosion, remaining from major commodity crops in the region, was tested in a wind tunnel using four levels of residue density. The impact of standing residue in controlling wind erosion was compared and analyzed in terms of residue density and their respective frontal area index. Our results show that residue at a density characteristic of the production environment (110 plants m-1 for winter wheat, 20 plants m-1 for canola, and 16 plants m-1 for garbanzo~bean) provided significant protection to the soil surface from wind erosion. Soil loss at this level of residue density was reduced by 73.3, 53.4, and 60.9\% for respectively winter wheat, spring canola, and garbanzo (frontal area indexes are 0.172, 0.104, and 0.026 respectively) compared with a surface without residue. The soil surface was found to be at significant risk from wind erosion when residue densities of the three crop types were <50\% of the typical production amounts. Although not consistently significant, soil loss decreased as wind direction shifted from parallel to perpendicular with the standing residue row. The APEX model adequately simulated winter wheat and spring canola residue protection but had low accuracy in representing garbanzo residue effects relative to the wind tunnel experiments. In contrast, the RWEQ model appeared inadequate in simulating soil loss for the winter wheat and canola treatments but adequately represented garbanzo residue effects. Differences in model accuracy for different crop types must be considered by producers and managers to determine whether model information used to select practices to control wind erosion are likely to result in under- or over-protection of soil resources.},
	keywords = {Chickpea, Frontal area index, Spring canola, Wind erosion model, Winter wheat},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2020.104742},
	url = {files/bibliography/20-025.pdf},
	author = {H. Pi and Nicholas Webb and David Huggins and Brenton Sharrat}
}
