@conference {50292,
	title = {Effects of one-seed juniper and polyethylene glycol on intake, rumen fermentation, and plasma amino acids in sheep and goats fed supplemental protein and tannins.},
	booktitle = {Journal of Animal Science},
	volume = {86},
	number = {(E-Supple. 2)},
	year = {2008},
	month = {July 7, 2008},
	pages = {224},
	abstract = {We tested the effect of polyethylene glycol (PEG) on juniper and total intake, rumen fermentation, and plasma amino acids (AA) of 12 does and 12 ewes fed sudangrass and basal diets containing 10\% quebracho tannins with no protein supplement (Control; 5\% CP) or high rumen degradable (RDP 15\% CP) or undegradable (RUP 15\% CP) protein supplement. After 15 days of exposure to non-restrictive amounts of juniper leaves, sudangrass, and basal diets (period 1), animals received an additional 50 g of PEG for a second 15-d period. Blood and ruminal fluid samples were collected on the last 2 d of each period to determine AA and VFA ({\textmu}M). Analyses followed a split-plot design with periods with or without PEG treated as a sub-plot factor. Juniper intake did not differ between species (P > 0.05) or supplements (P > 0.05), but increased with addition of PEG in period 2 (Period 1 vs. 2: 4.3 vs. 10.8 g/kg <sup>0.75</sup>; P < 0.01). Total intake and intake of sudangrass and basal diets were higher for sheep than goats (P < 0.01) and differed between supplements and periods (supplement x period, P < 0.05). Polyethylene glycol stimulated higher intakes of basal diet for Control and RDP, and of sudangrass for RUP. Total VFA was higher for sheep than goats (P < 0.05) and decreased from period 1 to period 2 with supplemental PEG in sheep (70.6 vs. 62.1; species x period, P < 0.05) and with RDP (67.3 vs. 58.6; supplement x period, P < 0.05). Acetate and propionate differed between periods with or without PEG in the same manner as total VFA. Total AA and some individual AA differed between species (sheep > goats), supplements (RUP = RDP > Control), and periods (P < 0.05). Increased juniper intake with PEG in period 2 was associated with lower plasma GLY, THR, SER, ASP, MET, GLU, PHE, CYST, GLN, ORN, LYS, HIS, and TRP. Polyethylene glycol increased juniper intake and decreased several plasma AA when tannin-rich foods with varying CP were fed.},
	keywords = {abstract, goats, one-seed juniper, polyethylene glycol, rumen, sheep},
	author = {S. A. Utsumi and Andr{\'e}s F. Cibils and Richard E. Estell and S. Soto-Navarro and Hallford, D.M.}
}
@conference {50396,
	title = {Sheep and goats as tool to suppress juniper encroachment: Influence of stocking density and mixed grazing during summer},
	booktitle = {Society for Range Management Annual Meeting},
	year = {2007},
	month = {February 9-16, 2},
	pages = {Paper No. 447},
	address = {Reno/Sparks, NV},
	abstract = {Grazing trials were conducted to evaluate the use of prescribed grazing by sheep and goats to suppress one-seed juniper (<i>Juniperus monosperma</i> Englem. Sarg.) sapling reinvasion. A 2x2 factorial experiment was conducted with Goats (G) or Goats + Sheep (G+S) at high or low stocking densities (SD). Ten crossbreed Angora nannies (1.1 AU) or 5 nannies of the same breed mixed with 4 Ramboullet ewes (1.1 AU) grazed either 1 juniper invaded plot of 20 x 30 m for 6 days (LD) or 6 similar subplots of 10 x 10 m for 1 day (HD) in each of 2 blocks. Animals grazed from sunrise to sunset, were penned at night and received a protein supplement (45\% CP) at a rate of 0.4\% BW, daily. No effect of SD, herbivore (G, G+S), or their interaction was found on juniper utilization. Animals removed on average 38.3\% of the length of marked juniper sapling branches. Understory grazing intensity differed between G or G+S (P=0.02) and SD (P=0.05) treatments. G+S removed 71.3 \% of the available herbaceous biomass whereas G removed 64.7 \%. Greater understory grazing intensity was observed under LD (70.4 \%) compared to HD (65.0 \%). Goats spent more time feeding on juniper compared to sheep (Goats: 24.5\%, Sheep: 7.7\%, P<0.01), whereas the opposite occurred with herbaceous vegetation (Goats: 76.0 \%, Sheep: 92.3 \%; P< 0.01). Stocking density did not influence time spent feeding juniper or herbaceous understory (P=0.08). Goats in HD and LD grazing treatments spent similar time feeding on juniper (P=0.09). Prescribed high density grazing with goats alone, rather than goats and sheep, could promote acceptable juniper sapling use along with lower damage on herbaceous vegetation.  Juniper sapling responses to the treatments imposed in this study will be monitored through time.},
	keywords = {goats, grazing, one-seed juniper, sheep},
	author = {S. A. Utsumi and Andr{\'e}s F. Cibils and Richard E. Estell}
}
