@article {JRN54145, title = {Legacy effects in linked ecological{\textendash}soil{\textendash} geomorphic systems of drylands}, journal = {Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment}, volume = {13}, year = {2015}, month = {02/2015}, pages = {13-19}, chapter = {13}, abstract = {

A legacy effect refers to the impacts that previous conditions have on current processes or properties. Legacies have been recognized by many disciplines, from physiology and ecology to anthropology and geology. Within the context of climatic change, ecological legacies in drylands (eg vegetative patterns) result from feedbacks between biotic, soil, and geomorphic processes that operate at multiple spatial and temporal scales. Legacy effects depend on (1) the magnitude of the original phenomenon, (2) the time since the occurrence of the phenomenon, and (3) the sensitivity of the ecological{\textendash}soil{\textendash}geomorphic system to change. Here we present a conceptual framework for legacy effects at short-term (days to months), medium-term (years to decades), and long-term (centuries to millennia) timescales, which reveals the ubiquity of such effects in drylands across research disciplines.

}, keywords = {biotic process, conceptual framework, dryland systems, ecological legacies, ecological systems, geomorphic processes, legacy effects, soil processes}, doi = {10.1890/140269}, url = {/files/bibliography/15-002.pdf}, author = {Curtis H. Monger and O. E. Sala and Danielle Duni and Goldfus, Haim and Meir, Isaac A. and Poch, Rosa M. and Heather L. Throop and Enrique Vivoni} } @inbook {JRN54033, title = {Soils as generators and sinks of inorganic carbon in geologic time}, booktitle = {Soil Carbon. Progress in Soil Science, 27}, year = {2014}, pages = {27-36}, publisher = {Springer International Publishing Switzerland}, organization = {Springer International Publishing Switzerland}, chapter = {3}, abstract = {

Soil is a continuum in geologic time. Like today, pedogenesis in the geologic past altered soils by transformations, translocations, additions, and losses as continents drifted and collided across global climatic zones. One of the major biogeochemical systems operating in soils across geologic time is the carbonic acid system, which includes gaseous CO2(g), dissolved CO2(aq), carbonic acid H2CO3(aq), bicarbonate HCO3- (aq), carbonate CO3 2- (aq), and solid-phase calcium carbonate (mainly calcite). These chemical species, collectively referred to as inorganic carbon, increased in the Silurian when vascular plants colonized the continents and began pumping atmospheric CO2 into soils via photosynthesis and root respiration, which accelerated mineral weathering and made soils {\textquotedblleft}generators{\textquotedblright} of bicarbonate. In humid regions soils are {\textquotedblleft}flushing{\textquotedblright} and bicarbonate enters groundwater, streams, and is transported to the oceans. In arid regions soils are {\textquotedblleft}non-flushing{\textquotedblright} and bicarbonate is not linked to the hydrological system, but precipitates in soil as pedogenic carbonate, making arid soils sinks of inorganic carbon. Pedogenic carbonate is documented in paleosols throughout the Cenozoic, Mesozoic, and back into the Silurian of mid-Paleozoic time. Paleogeographic maps from Present to Precambrian are useful for revealing where arid regions were located in geologic time and how they expanded and contracted; thus, propounding the question of how (and if) a currently expanding {\textquotedblleft}Aridosphere{\textquotedblright} will impact the global carbon cycle.

}, keywords = {carbon sequestration, deserts, paleosols, pedogenic carbonate}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-04084-4_3}, url = {files/bibliography/JRN00630.pdf}, author = {Curtis H. Monger} } @inbook {49964, title = {Aridisols}, booktitle = {Handbook of Soil Science}, year = {2011}, pages = {33-125 to 33-154}, publisher = {CRC Press}, organization = {CRC Press}, edition = {2nd}, address = {Boca Raton}, keywords = {aridisols, soil classification}, author = {Curtis H. Monger and Southard, R. J. and Boettinger, J. L.} } @conference {JRN54494, title = {In search of "Organ III" strata-a sedimentary record of the Medieval Warm Period (ca. AD 900 to 1300)}, booktitle = {16th Biennial Mogollon Archeology Conference}, year = {2010}, month = {10/2010}, publisher = {16th Biennial Mogollon Archeology Conference}, organization = {16th Biennial Mogollon Archeology Conference}, address = {Las Cruces, NM}, abstract = {The period AD 900 to 1300, internationally referred to as the Medieval Warm Period, is a critical time for the archaeological record of the Southwestern USA. During the Medieval Warm Period both alluvial and eolian sedimentation increased, but not to the magnitude of the middle Holocene (the Altithermal) or since Historical erosion began in the middle 1850s (the end of the Little Ice Age). Locally, the term {\textquotedblleft}Organ III{\textquotedblright} has been given to the Medieval Warm Period allostratigraphic unit. It is a subtle unit stratigraphically between Altithermal sediments (Organ I) and Historical sediments. Diagnostic features for identifying these three units include the following: Organ I has distinct carbonate filaments and strong pedogenic structure; Organ III has very faint carbonate filaments and weak pedogenic structure; Historical deposits have no carbonate and sedimentary layers. The Organ III stratum is most obvious in geomorphic settings with contrasting parent materials or where an occupational surface underlies the Organ III unit. In addition to its archaeological significance, the Organ III unit provides information about the relative magnitude of current climate change as compared to prehistoric climate change.}, author = {Curtis H. Monger and Laney, Katie and E.L. Fredrickson} } @article {50124, title = {The Desert Project--An analysis of aridland soil-geomorphic processes}, year = {2009}, note = {//USDA//NONE//entered 06/22/2010; pdf availableProCite field[12]: In File (02/05/2010)}, month = {2009}, pages = {76}, institution = {New Mexico Agricultural Experimental Station}, type = {pp}, address = {Las Cruces, New Mexico}, abstract = {In this report, soil-geomorphic maps, cross sections, three-dimensional diagrams, tables of soil characterization data, and photographs are used to illustrate a variety of soil-geomorphic features in the Desert Project.}, keywords = {calcium carbonate, caliche, climate, hydrogeology, paleoclimate, paleogeomorphology, report, soil chronology, soil taxonomy, soil, buried charcoal, soil, geomorphology, soil, radiocarbon dating, soil, sedimentation, soil, volcanic ash, soil-geomorphic relations}, isbn = {Bulletin 798}, url = {http://aces.nmsu.edu/pubs/research/weather_climate/BL798.pdf}, author = {Curtis H. Monger and L. H. Gile and J. Hawley and R. Grossman} } @article {50123, title = {Scale and the isotopic reocrd of C4 plants in pedogenic carbonate: from the biome to the rhizosphere}, journal = {Ecology}, volume = {90}, number = {6}, year = {2009}, note = {//USDA,OTHER//LTER V//entered 07/13/2009; pdf available}, month = {2009}, pages = {1498-1511}, abstract = {The 13C/12C ratio in pedogenic carbonate (i.e., CaCO3 formed in soil) is a significant tool for investigating C4 biomes of the past. However, the paleoecological meaningof d13C values in pedogenic carbonate can change with the scale at which one considers the data. We describe studies of modern soils, fossil soils, and vegetation change in the Chihuahuan Desert of North America and elsewhere that reveal four scales important for paleoecologic interpretations. (1) At the broadest scale, the biome scale (hundreds to millions of km2), an isotopic record interpreted as C3 vegetation replacing C4 grasslands may indicate invading C3 woody shrubs instead of expanding C3 forests (a common interpretation). (2) At the landscape scale (several tens of m2 to hundreds of km2), the accuracy of scaling up paleoclimatic interpretations to a regional level is affected by the landform containing the isotopic record. (3) At the soil-profile scale (cm2 to m2), soil profiles with multiple generations of carbonate mixed together have a lower-resolution paleoecologic record than soil profiles repeatedly buried. (4) At the rhizosphere scale (lm2 to cm2), carbonate formed on roots lack the 14{\textendash}17{\o} enrichment observed at broader scales, revealing different fractionation processes at different scales. A multi-scale approach in dealing with d13C in pedogenic carbonate will increase the accuracy of paleoecologic interpretations and understanding of soil{\textendash}geomorphic{\textendash}climatic interactions that affect boundaries between C4 and C3 vegetation.}, keywords = {article, C3 vs C4 vegetation, carbon isotopes, Chihuahuan Desert, climate change, desertification, Jornada Experimental Range, journal, landscape ecology, pedogenic carbonate, peleoclimate, peleoecology, soil-geomorphic-clmatic interaction, southern New Mexico, USA}, author = {Curtis H. Monger and David R. Cole and B. J. Buck and R. A. Gallegos} } @inbook {50477, title = {Regional Setting of the Jornada Basin}, booktitle = {Structure and Function of a Chihuahuan Desert Ecosystem. The Jornada Basin Long-Term Ecological Research Site}, year = {2006}, month = {July 1, 2006}, pages = {15-43}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, organization = {Oxford University Press}, chapter = {2}, address = {New York, NY}, abstract = {Within the area around Las Cruces, New Mexico, is a network of studies at the Jornada Experimental Range, the Chihuahuan Desert Rangeland Research Center, and the Desert Soil-Geomorphology Project. All of these areas are in the Jornada Basin except for the area south of the Dona Ana Mountains, which are in the Mesilla Basin. All of these research entities are in the Chihuahuan Desert and this chapter describes the geologic history and development of landscapes that are important elements to our understanding of this ecosystem and its dynamic nature.}, keywords = {development, geologic, history, landscapes, regional, setting, soil-geomorphology}, url = {/files/bibliography/06-053.pdf}, author = {Curtis H. Monger and Greg H. Mack and B. Nolen and L. H. Gile}, editor = {Kris Havstad and L. Huenneke and W. H. Schlesinger} } @inbook {50479, title = {Soil Development in the Jornada Basin}, booktitle = {Structure and Function of a Chihuahuan Desert Ecosystem. The Jronada Basin Long-Term Ecological Research Site}, year = {2006}, month = {July 1, 2006}, pages = {81-106}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, organization = {Oxford University Press}, chapter = {4}, address = {New York, NY}, abstract = {Soils of the Jornada Basin are the substrate on which Jornada ecosystems reside and interact. Understanding soils and plant-soil feedback processes have been integral to understanding vegetation change and desertification. Formal studies of Jornada soils extend back to 1918. The most detailed study of Jornada soils is the USDA-SCS Desert Soil-Geomorphology Project, a 400-mi2 study area that includes the southernmost areas of the Jornada Experimental Range (JER) and Chihuahuan Desert Rangeland Research Center (CDRRC). This chapter highlights findings of soil and geomorphology studies, discusses factors and processes of soil development, and lists several ways soils of the Jornada Basin carry a memory of past climates.}, keywords = {change, desertification, development, soil, vegetation}, url = {/files/bibliography/06-055.pdf}, author = {Curtis H. Monger}, editor = {Kris Havstad and L. Huenneke and W. H. Schlesinger} } @article {50478, title = {The Soil-geomorphic template and biotic change in arid and semi-arid ecosystems}, journal = {Journal of Arid Environments}, volume = {65}, year = {2006}, month = {April 1, 2006}, pages = {207-218}, abstract = {

Desertification, characterized as biotic change toward a degraded state, is a common phenomenon in many arid and semiarid regions of the world. Such biotic change is often accompanied by and linked to geomorphic change. Important geomorphic factors that determine the vulnerability of a system to coupled biotic and abiotic change includes soil, topography, and soil parent material{\textemdash}which together form the soil-geomorphic template. Soil exerts control because it is the substrate that provides water, nutrients, anchorage for roots, and habitat for burrowing animals. Topography exerts control by its influence on microclimate via water redistribution, aspect, and elevation. Soil parent material exerts control by its contribution to the nutrient supply and formation of soil. Numerous linkages and feedback-loops occur between the soil-geomorphic template, micro-climate, vegetation, and animals. A perturbation in any of these factors can steer an ecosystem from one state to another. Some soil-geomorphic templates are more prone to change than others. For example, landscapes with sandy soils are more vulnerable to desertification than landscapes with fine-textured soils that receive run-in water and, therefore, require distinct management practices. Desertification involving simultaneous changes in biotic and geomorphic processes provides a good example of how biological and geological systems are coupled and co-evolve.

}, keywords = {biotic, change, desertification, geomorphic, soil, topography}, doi = {10.1016/j.jaridenv.2005.08.012}, url = {/files/bibliography/06-008.pdf}, author = {Curtis H. Monger and Brandon T Bestelmeyer} } @inbook {50582, title = {Arid and semiarid soils}, booktitle = {Encyclopedia of Soils in the Environment}, year = {2005}, note = {//NONE//LTER IV//ProCite field[6]: In}, month = {2005}, pages = {182-187}, publisher = {Elsevier Ltd.}, organization = {Elsevier Ltd.}, address = {Oxford, U.K.}, abstract = {

Arid and semiarid soils occupy about one-third of the Earth\&$\#$39;s ice-free land surface. They are sources and sinks of atmospheric CO2, sources and sinks (mainly sources) of global dust, and substrate that support high biodiversity of plants and animals. Arid and semiarid soils uniquely accumulate secondary minerals, such as calcite and gypsum, as the result of low rainfall and limited leaching. Because of sparse vegetative cover and high susceptibility to wind and water erosion, many arid and semiarid soils have low resistance and low resilience to disturbance. Hence land degradation (i.e., desertification) is common on most continents with arid and semiarid soils. These dryland soils have been a factor of primary importance in human history. The oldest hominid fossils are found in east Africa in sediments with paleosols containing pedogenic carbonate indicting an arid or semiarid climate. The transition from hunting-and-gathering to agriculture took place in arid and semiarid Mesopotamia about 10,000 years ago. The production of surplus food on the floodplain soils of the Euphrates and Nile gave rise to early civilizations in Sumeria, Babylonia, and Egypt. Today several large urban centers are located on arid and semiarid soils around the world that have adequate groundwater or river water supplies. If irrigated, arid and semiarid soils are an important source of local and global food production. Still, most arid and semiarid land is sparsely populated, open, and often wilderness land.

}, keywords = {book, books, chapter, chapters, climate, soil formation, soil classification, soil formation, soil formation, climate, soil, aridisols, soil, calcite, soil, cambic horizon, soil, classification, soil, description, soil, development, soil, geomorphology, soil, morphology}, author = {Curtis H. Monger and J. Martinez-Rios and Sa{\textquoteright}eb Khresat}, editor = {Hillel, D.} } @conference {50581, title = {Carbon in Desert Soils at Multiple Time Scales}, booktitle = {Ecological Society of America 90th Annual Meeting}, year = {2005}, month = {August 7-12, 200}, pages = {447-448}, address = {Montreal, Quebec, CANADA}, abstract = {In contrast to soils of humid regions, which contain carbon as organic matter only, soils of arid regions contain carbon as organic matter as well as calcium carbonate (i.e., inorganic carbon). Both organic and inorganic carbon in desert soils occur in pools through which carbon is driven by interacting physical, chemical, and biological processes. Organic carbon is derived from the decomposition of photosynthetic tissue and is removed from soil via microbial decomposition. Inorganic carbon is derived from the precipitation of bicarbonate with calcium (as well as from dust deposition) and is removed from the soil via dissolution and leaching. The amount of organic carbon in desert soils increases with time until it reaches equilibrium with its bioclimatic environment. The amount of inorganic carbon in desert soils also increases with time, but in contrast to organic carbon, it continues to accumulate with time until the soil is destroyed by erosion or until a climatic change occurs. Patterns of carbon moving through these two pools come into focus at multiple scales. At the diurnal scale, soil CO2 emissions have amplitudes up to 80 mg CO2/square meter/hour; at the yearly scale, amplitudes can be up to 200 mg CO2/square meter/hour. At the century scale, soil organic carbon follows major vegetation changes, such as the replacement of grasslands by shrublands. At the millennial scale, bother organic and inorganic carbon pools are controlled by glacial-interglacial cycles. At all scales, carbon in desert soils mirrors the temporal dynamics of ecological processes.}, keywords = {calcium, carbon, carbonate, inorganic, organic}, author = {Curtis H. Monger and R. A. Kraimer and A. Serna-Perez and Jeffrey E. Herrick} } @conference {50580, title = {Soil Geomorphic Change During Desertification}, booktitle = {Agronomy Society of America, Crop Science Society of America, Soil Science Society of America Meetings}, year = {2005}, month = {November 6-10, 2}, pages = {200-5}, address = {Salt Lake City, UT}, abstract = {The objective of this paper is to illustrate the concept of the soil-geomorphic template and its relationship to biotic change. Desertification, as an example of biotic change toward a degraded state, is a common phenomenon in many arid and semiarid regions of the world. Such biotic change is typically accompanied by and linked to geomorphic change. Geomorphic factors that are involved in biotic change are soil, topography, and soil parent material, which together form the soil-geomorphic template. Soil is involved because it is the substrate that provides water, nutrients, anchorage for roots, and habitat for burrowing animals. Topography is involved by its influence on microclimate via elevation, lateral redistribution of water, and slope aspect. Soil parent material is involved by its contribution to the nutrient supply. Numerous linkages and feedback-loops occur between the soil-geomorphic template, microclimate, vegetation, and animals. A perturbation in any of these factors can steer an ecosystem from one state to another. Some soil-geomorphic templates are more prone to change than others. For example, landscapes with sandy soils are more vulnerable to desertification than landscapes with fine-textured soils that receive run-in water and, therefore, require distinct management practices. Desertification involving simultaneous changes in biotic and geomorphic states provides a good example of how biological and geological systems are coupled and co-evolve.}, keywords = {desertification, geomorphic, soil}, author = {Curtis H. Monger and Brandon T Bestelmeyer} } @conference {50689, title = {Broad-scale landscape, soil, and wind influences on fine-scale dynamics}, booktitle = {Sixth Symposium on the Natural Resources of the Chihuahuan Desert Region}, year = {2004}, month = {October 15, 2004}, pages = {35}, address = {Alpine, TX}, abstract = {Desertification and other ecogeomorphic changes in the Chihuahuan Desert are connected to broad-scale landscape, soil, and wind drivers via fine-scale processes. Landscapes function as a driver by their lithic composition and topographic configuration. These impact water redistribution and wind movement across the landscape that influence soil patterns at the landscape scale. Strong winds in the Jornada Basin, for example, have decapitated sandy soils, formed erosional streets, pushed sand grains up the piedmont slope and over ridges into intermountain valleys where they have accumulated as thick, eolian deposits overlying bedrock. Fine-scale processes are influenced by these broad-scale drivers in several ways. Wind erosion, for instance, removes organic matter and coarsens soil texture, thereby lowering water-holding capacity, cation exchange capacity, and nutrient availability. Because such fine-scale processes exert important controls on plants, vegetation patterns at the landscape scale reflect patterns of the broad-scale drivers. Consequently, some ecogeomorphic conditions, such as black grama on sandy, eolian upland soils, are more prone to desertification than other conditions, like tobosa grass on silty, alluvial soils in run-in positions.}, keywords = {broad-scale, Chihuahuan Desert, desertification, ecogeomorphic, fine-scale dynamics, landscape, soil, wind}, author = {Curtis H. Monger and D. E. Gillette and Brandon T Bestelmeyer} } @inbook {50797, title = {Millennial-scale climate variability and ecosystem response at the Jornada LTER site}, booktitle = {Climate variability and ecosystem response at long-term ecological research sites}, year = {2003}, note = {//NMSU,USDA//LTER IV//Added 11/2/2005, Updated 5/15/2006.ProCite field[6]: In}, month = {2003}, pages = {341-369}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, organization = {Oxford University Press}, address = {New York}, abstract = {The Jornada Long-Term Ecological Research (JRN LTER) program consists of studies superimposed on three research entities, the Jornada Experimental Range, the Chihuahuan Desert Rangeland Research Center, and the Desert Soil-Geomorphology project. The JRN site is in the northern part of the Chihuahuan Desert and represents, for the LTER network, the desert shrubland and desert grassland ecosystems of the southwestern United States. Climate data at the Jornada site and surrounding area span the last 110 years. Ecological data span the last 144 years. Jornada LTER researchers still struggle to understand how ecosystems respond to climate variability. Human land use (including cattle grazing, brush control, and habitat fractionation) is an important factor that complicates this question and produces external pressure on Jornada ecosystems. The cause-and-effect relationship between climate and ecosystems in prehistoric times is even more uncertain. Here evidence is limited to indicators, such as former lake shorelines, plant fossils in packrat middens, fossil pollen, 13C/12C rations in paleosols, and erosion rates. When some indicators are used by themselves, circularity arises if a conclusion about ecosystem response to climate change is based on an inference about climate change, which is based, in turn, on ecosystem change. For example, grasslands increased at the end of the middle Holocene as the result of increased rainfall, where the interpretation of increased rainfall is based on increased grass pollen in the middle Holocene sediments. Also focusing on millennial-scale climate and ecosystem variability, this chapter briefly discusses historic variability for comparison and as a means for describing the setting. The historic-prehistoric boundary for the Jornada area has been set at A.D. 1850.}, keywords = {book, books, carbon isotope ratios, chapter, chapters, climate change, ecosystem response, climate variability, ecosystem response, climate variability, fossil pollen, Jornada LTER, LTER site, packrat middens, pedogenic carbonates, report, reports, soil, geomorphology, vegetation change}, author = {Curtis H. Monger}, editor = {Greenland, David and Goodin, Douglas G. and Raymond C. Smith (eds.)} } @inbook {50913, title = {Arid Soils}, booktitle = {Encyclopedia of Soil Science}, year = {2002}, note = {//LOCAL, NMSU, USDA//LTER IV//}, month = {2002}, pages = {84-88}, publisher = {Marcel-Dekker}, organization = {Marcel-Dekker}, abstract = {Describes arid soils of river floodplains, on uplands, as well as types of arid soils and their ecological significance.}, keywords = {arid soil, book, books, chapter, chapters, report, reports, soil, soil formation, soil, argillic horizon, soil, calcic horizon, soil, carbonate, soil, petrocalcic horizon}, author = {Curtis H. Monger}, editor = {R. (ed.) Lal} } @inbook {50912, title = {Biotic and abiotic processes and rates of pedogenic carbonate accumulation in the southwestern United States: Relationship to atmospheric CO2 sequestration}, booktitle = {Global climate change and pedogenic carbonates}, year = {2002}, note = {//?//LTER IV//ProCite field[6]: In}, month = {2002}, pages = {273-289}, publisher = {CRC Press}, organization = {CRC Press}, address = {Boca Raton}, keywords = {book, books, chapter, chapters, global change, climate, pedogenic carbonates, report, reports}, author = {Curtis H. Monger and R. A. Gallegos}, editor = {R. (ed.) Lal} } @inbook {50915, title = {Silica minerals}, booktitle = {Soil Minerology with Environmental Applications}, series = {Soil Science Society of America Book Series}, year = {2002}, note = {//LOCAL, NMSU, USDA//LTER IV//ProCite field[6]: in}, month = {2002}, pages = {611-636}, abstract = {

This is a book chapter on silica minerals. It includes sections on 1)structure, composition, and morphology, 2) chemical and physical properties, 3) abundance, distribution, and formation, and 4) their environmental significance.

The silica mineral group is the second most abundant mineral group in the Earth{\textquoteright}s crust, exceeded only by the silicate mineral group, which also has the Si{\textendash}O tetrahedron as its basic building block. While in soil, because of their great abundance and chemical quiescence relative to most other minerals, silica minerals influence several environmentally important soil properties. This chapter describes the physical and chemical properties of silica, its abundance and formation, and its environmental significance with respect to adsorption capacity, respiratory diseases, and landscape stability pertinent to a nuclear waste repository. It also describes the structure, composition, and morphology of silica minerals. X-ray diffraction is the most conclusive method for identifying silica minerals. With respect to soil chemical properties, quartz, which is ubiquitous in most soils, plays an important role because of its tendency to dilute cation exchange capacity, resulting from its low surface area.

}, keywords = {book, books, cation exchange capacity, chapter, chapters, chemical properties, crystal morphology, environmental significance, isotopic composition, minerology, physical properties, Publication History, report, reports, silica, silica minerals, silicon dioxide, SiO2, soil, x-ray diffraction}, doi = {10.2136/sssabookser7.c20}, url = {files/bibliography/JRN00366.pdf}, author = {Curtis H. Monger and Kelley, Eugene F.}, editor = {Dixon, J. B. and Schluze, D. G. (eds.)} } @inbook {50914, title = {Soil inorganic carbon: composition and formation}, booktitle = {Encyclopedia of Soil Science}, year = {2002}, note = {//LOCAL, NMSU, USDA//LTER IV//ProCite field[6]: in}, month = {2002}, pages = {701-705}, publisher = {Marcel-Dekker}, organization = {Marcel-Dekker}, abstract = {Describes composition and formation of soil inorganic carbon.}, keywords = {arid soil, book, books, carbon, composition, formation, carbonate, accumulation, carbonate, geogenic, carbonate, pedogenic, carbonic acid system, chapter, chapters, model, carbonate formation, report, reports, soil, soil formation, soil, argillic horizon, soil, calcic horizon, soil, carbonate, soil, petrocalcic horizon}, author = {Curtis H. Monger and Wilding, Larry P.}, editor = {R. (ed.) Lal} } @proceedings {51019, title = {Carbon sequestration and global warming}, year = {2001}, note = {//?//LTER IV//ProCite field[6]: in}, month = {2001}, address = {Universidad Juarez del Estado de Durango}, keywords = {abstract, abstracts, carbon, conference, conference proceedings, conferences, global warming, proceeding, proceedings}, author = {Curtis H. Monger and J. Martinez-Rios and R. A. Gallegos}, editor = {Navarro, J. and Calzada, C. and Martinez-Rios, A.} } @inbook {51018, title = {Inorganic carbon sequestration in grazing lands}, booktitle = {The potential of U.S. grazing lands to sequester carbon and mitigate the greenhouse effect}, year = {2001}, note = {//USDA//LTER III//ProCite field[6]: In}, month = {2001}, pages = {87-118}, publisher = {CRC Press}, organization = {CRC Press}, address = {Boca Raton, FL}, abstract = {

Carbonate C as CaCO3 (also termed soil inorganic C, or SIC) is a principal component of many arid and semiarid soils throughout the world (Dregne, 1976). In reference to soil profiles in southern New Mexico, for example, Ruhe (1967, p. 55) said that the subsoil horizon of calcium carbonate is so prominent that it is the first feature to catch an observerĖŠs eye. The amount of carbonate that forms in an arid or semiarid soil depends highly on soil age (Gile et al., 1966; Hawley et al., 1976). In young soils of Holocene age, only enough carbonate has formed to make filaments or coatings composed of silt and clay sized CaCO3 crystals. With increasing age, the amount of carbonate crystals progressively accumulates, plugging soil pores, engulfing other soil particles, and eventually forming calcic and petrocalcic horizons (Soil Survey Staff, 1998).

}, keywords = {book, books, carbon, inorganic sequestration, chapter, chapters, global change, carbon sequestration, report, reports}, url = {files/bibliography/JRN00335.pdf}, author = {Curtis H. Monger and J. Martinez-Rios}, editor = {Follett, R.F. and Kimble, J.M. and R. (ed.) Lal} } @inbook {51097, title = {Biotic and abiotic processes and rates of pedogenic carbonate accumulation in the southwestern United States - relationships to atmospheric CO2 sequestration}, booktitle = {Global Climate Change and Pedogenic Carbonate}, year = {2000}, note = {//NMSU,USDA//LTER III//ProCite field[6]: In}, month = {2000}, pages = {273-289}, publisher = {CRC Press}, organization = {CRC Press}, address = {Boca Raton}, keywords = {abiotic processes, pedogenic carbonate, biotic processes, pedogenic carbonate, book, books, chapter, chapters, report, reports, soil, calcium carbonate, soil, pedogenic carbonates}, author = {Curtis H. Monger and R. A. Gallegos}, editor = {R. (ed.) Lal} } @proceedings {51171, title = {Natural cycles of desertification in the Chihuahuan Desert, North America}, year = {1999}, note = {//?//LTER III//}, month = {1999}, publisher = {Texas Technological University Press}, keywords = {abstract, abstracts, conference, conference proceedings, conferences, desertification, natural cycles, proceeding, proceedings}, author = {Curtis H. Monger} } @conference {51240, title = {Managing rangeland soils for C sequestration}, booktitle = {Annual Meeting, American Society of Agronomy}, year = {1998}, month = {October 18-22, 1}, pages = {265-266}, address = {Baltimore, MD}, abstract = {

Rangeland ecosystems are controlled by many factors, of which most important is climate. Other important factors include fire; selective removal of plants and animals; the placement of roads, fences, and watering points; grazing intensity; and agronomic-type practices, such as seeding, fertilizing, and irrigating. Managing soils for C sequestration as organic carbon is very much tied to controlling the type and density of vegetation. The importance of this relationship has been observed where desert grasslands have converted to shrublands, causing wind erosion that removed and redistributed soil organic matter, which in turn reduced nutrient supply, seed bank supply, aggregation, and water holding capacities. Management of inorganic C is less apparent.\  Important questions in this regard include whether soils become a C source rather than a C sink when erosion exhumes petrocalcic horizons, when rangeland soils are irrigated, and when biosolids are added to rangeland soils.

}, author = {Curtis H. Monger and Jeffrey E. Herrick} } @article {51239, title = {Stable carbon and oxygen isotopes in Quaternary soil caronates as indicators of ecogeomorphic changes in the northern Chihuahuan Desert, USA}, journal = {Geoderma}, volume = {82}, year = {1998}, note = {//LOCAL//LTER-III//}, month = {1998}, pages = {137-172}, abstract = {

Stable carbon and oxygen isotopes in soil carbonates provide an additional technique for investigating Quaternary ecogeomorphic changes in arid and semiarid regions. This study presents d13C and d18O values in surface and buried soils in a Basin and Range region of southern New Mexico and west Texas. Three landform categories were investigated for their isotopic content: (1) middle piedmont slopes; (2) a lower piedmont slope and adjacent playa depressions; and (3) an intermontane basin floor. Soils of the middle piedmont slopes had greatest d13C variability, ranging from -0.6{\textperthousand} in buried soils to -11.1{\textperthousand} (PDB) in surface soils. Soils of the basin floor had greatest variability in d18O values, ranging from -0.6 {\textperthousand} to -7.6{\textperthousand} (PDB). Fossil pollen patterns roughly paralled d13C shifts, with Cheno-Am pollen exhibiting greatest changes. Both isotope and pollen data across stratigraphic discontinuities suggest that a conversion from C4 grasses to C3 desert shrubs accomopanied Holocene erosion. {\textcopyright} 1998 Elsevier Science B.V.

}, keywords = {article, articles, climate,paleoclimate, isotopes, stable, journal, journals, paleoclimate, paleosols, soil, paleoclimate, soil, paleosols, soil, pedogenic carbonates, soil, stable isotopes}, doi = {10.1016/S0016-7061(97)00100-6}, url = {files/bibliography/JRN00264.pdf}, author = {Curtis H. Monger and David R. Cole and Gish, J. W. and Giordano, T. H.} } @conference {51294, title = {Geomorphic-vegetation relationships in the Jornada Basin, southern New Mexico}, booktitle = {International Symposium and Workshop Combating Desertification: Connecting Science with Community Action}, year = {1997}, month = {May 12-16, 1997}, pages = {Abstract 20}, address = {Tucson, AZ}, abstract = {The southern portion of the Jornada Basin is the locale of the Jomada Experimental Range and Jomada LTER site. This area is bound to the west by the Rio Grande Valley and to the east by the San Andres Mountains. The western half of the basin is the relic floodplain of the ancestral Rio Grande. The eastern half consists of a fan piedmont and exposed bedrock of the San Andres Mountains. Both the relic floodplain and the fan piedmont have been extensively modified by natural and human-induced wind erosion. Soil patterns in this setting are diverse. The age of soils ranges between 0.74 to 1.6 million years in the relic floodplain, based on Ar/Ar dating, to sediments currently being deposited by wind and arroyos. Ancient soils have massive indurated petrocalcic horizons in contrast to young soils that exhibit little difference between their surface and subsoil horizons. //Vegetation patterns are also diverse, ranging from communities dominated by single species (e.g., mesquite, creosotebush, or tarbush) to communities with a mosaic of highly diverse assemblages. In some cases vegetation patterns are highly correlated to geomorphic units. For example, mesquite is the dominant species in coppice dune terrain, creosotebush is the dominant species on some gravelly alluvial fans, and tobosa grass is the dominant species on some clayey playas. Vegetation records dating back to the mid-1800s, however, reveal a proliferation of shrubs and a decline of grasses across a variety of geomorphic units. // Several geomorphic variables, especially those involving soils and topography, influence the ability of vegetation to resist changes driven by environmental stresses. Important soil variables include particle-size distribution, available water capacity, shrink-swell properties, organic matter, microbial populations, fertility, and other soil chemical properties such as cation exchange capacity and pH. Topographic variables include aspect, runoff, and run-in characteristics that affect the distribution of soil moisture. Although the interactions of these variables are complex, some of the greatest vegetation change during the last 150 years was experienced by geomorphic units composed of sandy soils susceptible to wind erosion and by coarse shallow soils with low moisture capacities.}, author = {Curtis H. Monger and L. Huenneke and Kris Havstad} } @article {51364, title = {Clay mineralogy at the Desert Project and the Rincon surface study area}, year = {1996}, note = {//LOCAL//LTER III//ProCite field[12]: In File (01/10/2005)}, month = {1996}, pages = {155}, institution = {USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service}, type = {pp}, address = {National Soil Survey Center, Lincoln, NE}, abstract = {

Volume II of the Supplement to the Desert Project Soil Monograph is the second of a number of reports on soils in the Desert Project area. Volume II consists of two chapters, of which the first is a detailed study of a remnant of the Rincon surface and its soils. The Rincon surface is a remnant of one of the oldest basin landscapes in North America, and probably dates from late Pliocene time or earlier. The remnant consists of an ancient basin floor and an adjacent alluvial-fan piedmont, preserved in a bedrock-defended area 600 feet above the Rio Grande flood plain. Chapter 2 focuses on clay mineralogy of the Desert Project and the Rincon study area. It describes clay mineralogy as a function of age, parent material, and depth. It also compiles the narrative clay mineralogy information produced during the period from 1957 to 1972.

}, keywords = {book, books, chapter, chapters, landscape, soil, report, reports, Rincon, soil, clay mineralogy, soil, Desert Project, soil, landscape evolution}, isbn = {Soil Survey Investigations Report $\#$44}, url = {files/bibliography/JRN00206.pdf}, author = {Curtis H. Monger and Lynn, W. C.}, editor = {L. H. Gile and R. J. eds. Ahrens} } @inbook {51413, title = {Pedology in arid lands archaeological research: An example from southern New Mexico--Western Texas}, booktitle = {Pedological perspectives in archaeological research}, volume = {Special Publication 44}, year = {1995}, note = {//LOCAL//LTER III//ProCite field[6]: In}, month = {1995}, pages = {35-50}, publisher = {Soil Science Society of America}, organization = {Soil Science Society of America}, address = {Madison, WI}, abstract = {

Pedology is a key component of arid lands archaeological research, providing information about landscape evolution, the stratigraphic context of artifacts, and environmental change. As an example, a pedologic study was conducted for archaeologists at the Fort Bliss Military Installation, which covers slightly \>445 000 hectares of the northern Chihuahuan desert in southern New Mexico and western Texas. Part one of the study consisted of (i) mapping geomorphic surfaces and (ii) mapping deflated areas. Maps of geomorphic surfaces reveal the age and evolution of the arid landscape, and where archaeological sites might be buried. Deflation maps reveal areas where soils are deflated, stable, or recently buried. Artifact visibility is highest in deflated areas, but the stratigraphic integrity is generally lost. Areas buried by eolian sands, on the other hand, are most likely to contain artifacts with stratigraphic integrity, but artifact visibility is low. Part two of the study focused on paleoenvironmental changes. The most useful paleoenvironmental information was obtained from erosion-sedimentation history, fossil pollen preserved in buried soils, and 13C and 18O signatures in soil carbonates. Erosion, pollen, isotopes all revealed a major period of desertification beginning at the middle Holocene about the time Paleoindians gave way to people of the Archaic period.

}, keywords = {archeology, dunes \& artifacts, book, books, chapter, chapters, pedology, report, reports, soil, geomorphology}, doi = {10.2136/sssaspecpub44.c3 }, url = {files/bibliography/JRN00193.pdf}, author = {Curtis H. Monger}, editor = {Collins, M. E.} } @article {51495, title = {Soil-geomorphic and Paleoclimatic Characteristics of the Fort Bliss Maneveur Areas, Southern New Mexico and Western Texas}, year = {1993}, note = {//OTHER//NONE//}, month = {1993}, institution = {Cultural Resources Branch, Environmental Management Division, Directorate of Environment, U.S. Army Air Defense Artillery Center}, address = {Fort Bliss, Texas}, abstract = { By the early Quaternary period (2 million years ago) the ancestral Rio Grande had spilled through Fillmore Pass between the Organ and Franklin Mountains and was filling the Hueco Bolson with river sediments (Hawley et al., 1969). By middle Pleistocene, when the ancestral Rio Grande entrenched into its modern valley (400 to 300 ka, Gile et al., 1981), it had been diverted back to the west of the Franklin Mountains, probably as the result of uplifting of the Organ-Franklin Mountain chain (Seager 1981). Since the mid-Pleistocene, landscape evolution on Fort Bliss has been restricted mainly to (1) alluvial fan deposition, (2) land displacement along faults, and (3) eolian activity. Alluvial fan depositon has invlolved at least four generations of alluvial fans on the piedmont aprons that skirt the mountains. The fans range in age from approximately 400 ka to the present arroyo mouth deposits. Land displacment along faults has occurred throughout the late Pleistocene and Holocene. Sediments that fill linear depresson caused by extensional faulting are the result of both tectonic movement and climatically driven sedimentiation that presumably corresponds to periods of aridity. Eolian activity has modified existing soil strata in areas that were not sheltered from wind erosion by desert pavement, vegetation, or younger deposits. Most of the soilscape on Fort Bliss has experienced multiple periods of deflation and reburial by locally derived eolian sediments. There are at least four eolian deposits in the basin floor that range in age from early Holocene to Historical blowsand deposits.}, keywords = {book, books, chapter, chapters, climate,paleoclimate, geomorphology, carbonates, paleoclimate, pollen,fossil, report, reports}, isbn = {Historic and Natural Resources Report No. 10}, author = {Curtis H. Monger} } @article {51582, title = {Microbial precipitation of pedogenic calcite}, journal = {Geology}, volume = {19}, year = {1991}, note = {//LOCAL//NONE//}, month = {1991}, pages = {997-1000}, abstract = {Pedogenic calcite in desert soils has become increasingly important as an indicator of paleoclimate, landscape stability, and landscape age. This study indicates that calcic and petrocalcic horizons in desert soils are not simply the result of inorganic precipitaion of calcite. Soil microorganisms were found to be involved in calcite precipitation in a typical desert soil near Las Cruces, New Mexico. Fossilized remains of calcified fungal hyphae and Microcodium stuctures are abundant in the petrocalcic horizon. Soil bacteria and fungi precipitated calcite when cultured on a Ca-rich medium. In an experiment where soil columns were irrigated with Ca-rich solutions, calcite formed in soils containing soil microorganisms, but no calcite formed in sterile soils. Thus, biomineralization of calcite by soil microorganisms appears to be an important mechanism of unknown magnitude.}, keywords = {article, articles, bacteria, calcite formation, calcite, formation, caliche, also SEE , geomorphology, calcite formation, journal, journals, soil, calcite formation}, author = {Curtis H. Monger and LeRoy A. Daugherty and W. C. Lindemann and Liddell, Craig M.} } @article {51583, title = {A microscopic examination of pedogenic calcite in an aridisol of southern New Mexico}, year = {1991}, note = {//LOCAL//NONE//ProCite field[6]: In}, month = {1991}, pages = {37-60}, institution = {Soil Science Society of America}, address = {Madison, Wisconsin}, abstract = { Thin section analysis of pedogenic calcite was made for a mid-Pleistocene Aridisol in southern New Mexico. The 4.5 m thick pedon was divided into eight zones of pedogenic calcite accumulation. The macromorphology of the eight zones includes Stage I filaments and coatings, Stage II and Stage III nodules and internodular fillings, and a petrocalcic horizon consisting of a Stage IV laminar zone and plugged horizon. Thin sections were make of oriented peds from each of the eight zones and revealed the following. Filaments consist of calcite crystals on roots and calcite-impregnated pore walls (hypo-coatings). Nodules contain framework grains embedded in a matrix of micritic calcite (micrite); harder nodules contain denser and more coalescent micrite than softer nodules. Internodular fillings contain calcitans and micrite that is loosely disseminated in voids. The laminar zone consists of Microcodium, framework grains packed between relatively pure micritic laminae, and sparry calcite in voids. The plugged horizon is composed of widely spaced framework grains embedded on a dense micritic matrix and calcified fungal fillaments in voids. Corroded framework grains are common in both the laminar zone and plugged horizon and reflect dissolution of the grains. Argillans in calcareous zones have been partly or wholly obliterated by calcitans.}, keywords = {book, books, calcite, calcium carbonate, also SEE , caliche, chapter, chapters, geomorphology, calcite, report, reports, soil, calcite}, isbn = {Special Publication no. 26}, author = {Curtis H. Monger and LeRoy A. Daugherty and L. H. Gile} } @article {51581, title = {Neoformation of palygorskite in a southern New Mexico aridisol}, journal = {Soil Science Society of America Journal}, volume = {55}, number = {6}, year = {1991}, note = {//LOCAL//NONE//}, month = {1991}, pages = {1646-1650}, abstract = { Palygorskite is the dominant clay mineral in a petrocalcic horizon of the Rotura soil series (a coarse-loamy, mixed, thermic, Typic Haplargid), a soil of middle Pleistocene age in southern New Mexico. The purpose of this study was to determine if palygorskite is eolian in origin, inherited from its alluvial parent material, or neoformed in the soil. The origin of palygorskite was determined by examining clay mineral distribution, soil-water extract chemistry, and palygorskite fiber morphology. An eolian origin of palygorskite is unlikely because it is absent in upper soil horizons and no palygorskite was captured in dust traps during a 10-yr study. An inherited origin is also unlikely because palygorskite is not an inherent component of Rio Grande alluvium. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that delicate palygorskite fibers radiate perpendicularly into pore spaces, which indicates neoformation. The petrocalcic horizon may foster palygorskite neoformation because it is the site of high Mg content and abundant sand- and silt-grain dissolution.}, keywords = {article, articles, calcite, geomorphology, petrocalcic horizon, geomorphology,palygorskite formation, journal, journals, palygorskite formation, soil, palygorskite formation, soil, petrocalcic horizon}, author = {Curtis H. Monger and LeRoy A. Daugherty} } @article {51584, title = {Pressure solution: possible mechanism for silicate grain dissolution in a petrocalcic horizon}, journal = {Soil Science Society of America Journal}, volume = {55}, number = {6}, year = {1991}, note = {//LOCAL//NONE//}, month = {1991}, pages = {1625-1629}, abstract = {In the petrocalcic horizon of a middle Pleistocene soil in southern New Mexico, up to 58\% of the silicate grains have dissolution features, such as embayed and serrated edges. The purpose of this study was to determine if pressure solution produced the dissolution features. Samples were analyzed in thin section using light and electron microscopy, and by measuring pH and Si concentration of saturated paste extracts. Four lines of evidence support the pressure-solution mechanism in the petrocalcic horizon: (i) silicate grains are smooth where they contact pores, but serrated where they contact calcite; (ii) dissolution pits on silicate grains generally match the shapes of impacted calcite crystals; (iii) silicate grains are concentrated into horizontal layers in the upper petrocalcic horizon, which testifies to the pressure generated by crystallizing calcite; and (iv) outside the petrocalcic horizon where crystallization pressure is less, silicate grains coated with calcite crystals have fewer dissolution features than grains in the petrocalcic horizon. No relationship was apparent between silicate-grain dissolution and petrocalcic-horizon pH or Si concentration. The pH (7.6) was below, and the Si concentration (8.6 mg L-1) was above the levels required for dissolution. Thus, pressure generated by crystallizing calcite appears to have caused dissolution features on the silicate grains in the petrocalcic horizon.}, keywords = {article, articles, calcite, geomorphology, petrocalcic horizon, journal, journals, soil, petrocalcic horizon, soil,silicate dissolution}, author = {Curtis H. Monger and LeRoy A. Daugherty} }