@article {JRN55333, title = {Nitrogen dynamics after low-emission applications of dairy slurry or fertilizer on perennial grass: a long term field study employing natural abundance of δ15N}, journal = {Plant Soil}, volume = {465}, year = {2021}, month = {6/9/2021}, pages = {415{\textendash}430}, abstract = {Defining the long-term effects of liquid dairy manure (LDM) applied by a recommended low emission method is important to ensure sustainable grass production and dairy operations. We used natural abundance δ15N and conventional measurements in a long term field experiment to better understand the long-term fate of N applied as LDM, mineral fertilizer (MIN) and both (ALT). Methods We investigated the effects of long-term applications of LDM (with low-emission trailing shoe), MIN, and alternating LDM and MIN (ALT) on grass N uptake, soil N stocks, N losses and δ15N natural abundance in grass, soil and fine heavy fraction (silt + clay size heavy soil). Nominal annual rates of total N were 200 and 400 kg ha-1 for MIN and 400 and 800 kg ha-1 for LDM.}, keywords = {Crop N uptake, Fine heavy fraction, Grass herbage, Liquid dairy manure, Mineral fertilizer, Nitrogen use efficiency, Soil N, Δ15N natural abundance}, doi = {10.1007/s11104-021-04998-7}, url = {files/bibliography/21-045.pdf}, author = {H. Zhang and D. E. Hunt and B. Ellert and E. Maillard and Peter J. A. Kleinman and S. Spiegal and D. A. Angers and S. Bittman} } @article {JRN55231, title = {Scale invariance of albedo-based wind friction velocity}, journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres}, volume = {125}, year = {2020}, month = {07/26/2020}, pages = {1-15}, abstract = {Obtaining reliable estimates of aerodynamic roughness is necessary to interpret and accurately predict aeolian sediment transport dynamics. However, inherent uncertainties in traditional field measurements and models of surface aerodynamic properties continue to impact basic aeolian research, monitoring, and dust modeling. A new relation between aerodynamic shelter and land surface shadow has been established at the wind tunnel scale, enabling the potential for estimates of wind erosion and dust emission to be obtained from albedo data. Here, we compare estimates of wind friction velocity (u*) derived from traditional methods (wind speed profiles) with those derived from the shadow model at two separate scales using bare soil patch (via net radiometers) and landscape (via MODIS 500 m) datasets. Results show that estimates of~u*~from wind speed profiles are highly variable and therefore uncertain as they change in response to wind speed, direction, turbulence scales, and heterogeneity of the surface roughness. Shadow-based estimates of u* at both scales have small variability because they are integrated over the measurement area and resolve the partition of wind momentum between roughness elements and the soil surface. We demonstrate that the wind tunnel-based relation for predicting wind friction velocities at the soil surface (uS*) is scale invariant. We confirm the need for all wind speed profiles over a rough surface to be corrected for the drag partition if uS* is of interest. In the absence of a reliable drag partition correction in the field, measurements of albedo will reduce uncertainty in field estimates of uS* for wind erosion and dust emission modeling.}, keywords = {aeolian, aerodynamic roughness, Albedo, dust, friction velocity, satellite remote sensing}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JD031978}, url = {files/bibliography/20-028.pdf}, author = {N. Ziegler and Nicholas Webb and A. Chappell and Susan LeGrand} } @article {JRN54215, title = {Extreme precipitation patterns and reductions of terrestrial ecosystem production across biomes}, journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences}, volume = {118}, year = {2013}, month = {01/2013}, pages = {148-157}, chapter = {148}, abstract = {

Precipitation regimes are predicted to shift to more extreme patterns that are characterized by more heavy rainfall events and longer dry intervals, yet their ecological impacts on vegetation production remain uncertain across biomes in natural climatic conditions. This in situ study investigated the effects of these climatic conditions on aboveground net primary production (ANPP) by combining a greenness index from satellite measurements and climatic records during 2000{\textendash}2009 from 11 long-term experimental sites in multiple biomes and climates. Results showed that extreme precipitation patterns decreased the sensitivity of ANPP to total annual precipitation (PT) at the regional and decadal scales, leading to decreased rain use efficiency (RUE; by 20\% on average) across biomes. Relative decreases in ANPP were greatest for arid grassland (16\%) and Mediterranean forest (20\%) and less for mesic grassland and temperate forest (3\%). The cooccurrence of heavy rainfall events and longer dry intervals caused greater water stress conditions that resulted in reduced vegetation production. A new generalized model was developed using a function of both PT and an index of precipitation extremes and improved predictions of the sensitivity of ANPP to changes in precipitation patterns. Our results suggest that extreme precipitation patterns have substantially negative effects on vegetation production across biomes and are as important as PT. With predictions of more extreme weather events, forecasts of ecosystem production should consider these nonlinear responses to altered extreme precipitation patterns associated with climate change.

}, doi = {10.1029/2012JG002136}, url = {/files/bibliography/13-041.pdf}, author = {Yongguang Zhang and S. Moran and Mark A. Nearing and Guillermo E. Ponce-Campos and Alfredo Huete and Anthony R. Buda and David D. Bosch and Stacey A. Gunter and S.G. Kitchen and McNab, W. Henry and Jack A. Morgan and M.P. McClaran and Montoya, Diane S. and Debra C. Peters and Paul F. Starrs} } @article {51126, title = {A preliminary assessment of regional scale carbon stocks and fluxes of a desert using field measurements, satellite images and model simulations}, year = {2000}, note = {//USDA//LTER IV// Listed in LTER IV 2004 annual report}, month = {2000}, pages = {107}, institution = {U.S. Forest Service, Raleigh NC}, keywords = {book, books, chapter, chapters, model, remote sensing, remote sensing, carbon, remote sensing, ecosystem health, remote sensing, model simulations, remote sensing, vegetation, report, reports}, author = {Zhan, X. and William P. Kustas and A.N. French and Jerry Ritchie and J.H. Prueger and Lawrence E. Hipps and A. Rango and T. J. Schmugge and B. Nolen and M. Chopping} } @article {51433, title = {Windows of opportunity in desert ecosystems: Their implications to fungal community development}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Botany}, volume = {73S}, year = {1995}, note = {//??//LTER III//}, month = {1995}, pages = {1407-1414}, abstract = {

At the ecosystem level, all fungal activity in arid and semiarid systems is water regulated. However, as the observation scale is changed to allow for finer resolution of moisture effects, one finds that fungal community development in deserts may be influenced by either the temporal patterning of moisture pulses, or biotic factors that extend the benefits of moisture windows. When selected biocides were applied to the root region of a desert bunchgrass, Erioneuron pulchellum, to reduce microarthropod and nematode densities, fungal species numbers associated with the root surface were not altered. The temporal pattern in species numbers apparently reflect large scale seasonal responses of the fungi, microfauna, and plants to yearly differences in the occurrences of moisture windows. For wood on the soil surface, moisture windows of short duration coupled with high temperatures restrict fungal species composition in this habitat resulting in a lack of turnover in the dominant fungal species on surface wood. However, when wood was placed in the more amenable environment of a woodrat midden, patterns of fungal community development differed significantly from that observed for wood on the soil surface. These studies indicate that our understanding of the roles of fungi in the functioning of desert ecosystems is biased because the scale at which we usually make observations is too large to account for abiotic and biotic influences on fungal activity and community development. Moreover, we have to realize that the occurrence of favorable habitats for fungi in arid systems varies considerably in space and time. One consequence of the high spatial and temporal heterogeneity in favorable habitats is that functional diversity among fungi may be greater than would be predicted based solely on abiotic considerations. Key words: deserts, environmental heterogeneity, functional diversity, scale, wood.

}, keywords = {article, articles, community, fungal, ecosystem, fungal community, fungal community, journal, journals}, doi = {10.1139/b95-404}, url = {files/bibliography/JRN00200.pdf}, author = {J. C. Zak and Sinsabaugh, R. and William P. MacKay} } @article {51466, title = {Plant production and soil microorganisms in late-successional ecosystems: A continental-scale study}, journal = {Ecology}, volume = {75}, year = {1994}, note = {//??//LTER III//}, month = {1994}, pages = {2333-2347}, abstract = {

Annual C inputs from plant production in terrestrial ecosystems only meet the maintenance energy requirements of soil microorganisms, allowing for little or no net annual increase in their biomass. Because microbial growth within soil is limited by C availability, we reasoned that plant production should, in part, control the biomass of soil microorganisms. We also reasoned that soil texture should further modify the influence of plant production on soil C availability because fine{\textemdash}textured soils typically support more microbial biomass than coarse{\textemdash}textured soils. To test these ideas, we quantified the relationship between aboveground net primary production (ANPP) and soil microbial biomass in late{\textemdash}successional ecosystems distributed along a continent{\textemdash}wide gradient in North America. We also measured labile pools of C and N within the soil because they represent potential substrate for microbial activity. Ecosystems ranged from a Douglas{\textemdash}fir forest in the western United States to the grasslands of the mid{\textemdash}continent to the hardwood forest in the eastern U.S. Estimates of ANPP obtained from the literature ranged from 82 to 1460 g{\textdegree}m{\textemdash}2{\textdegree}yr{\textemdash}1. Microbial biomass C and N were estimated by the fumigation{\textemdash}incubation technique. Labile soil pools of C and N and first{\textemdash}order rate constants for microbial respiration and net N mineralization were estimated using a long{\textemdash}term (32 wk) laboratory incubation. Regression analyses were used to relate ANPP and soil texture with microbial biomass and labile soil C and N pools. Microbial biomass carbon ranged from 2 g/m2 in the desert grassland to 134 g/m2 in the tallgrass prairie; microbial N displayed a similar trend among ecosystems. Labile C pools, derived from a first{\textemdash}order rate equation, ranged from 115 g/m2 in the desert grassland to 491 g/m2 in the southern hardwood forest. First{\textemdash}order rate constants for microbial respiration (k) fell within a narrow range of values (0.180 to 0.357 wk{\textemdash}1), suggesting that labile C pools were chemically similar among this diverse set of ecosystems. Potential net N mineralization rates over the 32{\textemdash}wk incubation were linear in most ecosystems with first{\textemdash}order responses only in the alpine tundra, tallgrass prairie, and forests. Microbial biomass C displayed a positive, linear relationship with ANPP (r2 = 0.51), but was not significantly related to soil texture. Labile C also was linearly related to ANPP (r2 = 0.32) and to soil texture (r2 = 0.33). Results indicate that microbial biomass and labile organic matter pools change predictably across broad gradients of ANPP, supporting the idea that microbial growth in soil is constrained by C availability.

}, keywords = {article, articles, ecosystem, plant production, ecosystem, soil microorganisms, journal, journals, plant productivity, soil processes, soil microorganism, plant productivity, succession, plant production, succession, soil miroorganisms}, doi = {10.2307/1940888}, url = {files/bibliography/JRN00177.pdf}, author = {Zak, D. R. and D. Tilman and R. R. Parmenter and Rice, C. W. and F. M. Fisher and Vose, J. and Milchunas, D. and Martin, C. W.} } @article {51754, title = {Interactions among soil biota in desert ecosystems}, journal = {Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment}, volume = {24}, year = {1988}, note = {//NMSU//LTER I//}, month = {1988}, pages = {87-100}, abstract = {

In desert systems, the availability of soil nitrogen can be the single most limiting factor controlling plant growth during periods of adequate soil moisture. Decomposition and nitrogen-mineralization rates prior to or during peak periods of plant growth can therefore be critical. Decomposition rates in deserts are generally high, and are relatively independent of rainfall. These high rates can be attributed to a combination of abiotic weathering, the types of microflora and microfauna associated with plant litter, and the adaptation of the soil biota to moisture pulses. The factors controlling litter decomposition and subsequent nitrogen mineralization are dependent upon the location of the organic matter in the habitat. The breakdown of surface litter occurs primarily through either abiotic weathering or by termite consumption. Microarthropods do not appear to have any role in the decomposition of surface litter owing to abiotic constraints on activity. The decomposition of roots, and buried litter, however, has been shown to be dependent on the presence of soil microarthropods. Microbial-microfaunal activity in the root region of desert plants may also have a significant effect on the short-term cycling of nitrogen in arid systems.

}, keywords = {article, articles, decomposition, abiotic factors, decomposition, microarthropods, decomposition, termites, decomposition, wood-rat middens, journal, journals, microarthropod,decomposition, nitrogen mineralization, rhizosphere, soil biota, termite,decomposition}, doi = {10.1016/0167-8809(88)90058-8}, url = {files/bibliography/JRN00081.pdf}, author = {J. C. Zak and Walter G. Whitford} } @article {51869, title = {The occurrence of hypogeous ascomycete in the northern Chihuahuan Desert}, journal = {Mycologia}, volume = {78}, number = {5}, year = {1986}, note = {//NMSU, USDA//LTER I//Listed in LTER2 proposal as citing LTER1 support//}, month = {1986}, pages = {840-841}, abstract = {

Sporocarps of the hypogeous ascomycete Carbomyces emergens Gilky were collected in the northern Chihuahuan Desert, at the entrance to the Jornada Experimental Range, 25 km NNE of Las Cruces, New Mexico on March 13, 1985. The site consisted of coppiced dunes vegetated with Atriplex canescens (Pursh) Nutt., Prosopis glandulosa Torr., and several spring flowering annuals, Lepidium lasiocarpum Nutt., and Les- querella gordonii (Gray) Wats. The interdune spaces were generally devoid of vegetation. The ascocarps were discovered 2-5 cm below the soil surface in and around recent rodent digs located in the interdune areas. Dried specimens were subsequently discovered on the soil surface (April 10, 1985) in the ecotone between the Larrea tri- dentata (DC.) Cov. and the Bouteloua eriopoda (Torr.) Torr. vegetation zones of the Jorada Long Term Ecological Research site, located on the New Mexico State University college ranch, 15 km north of the original collection area. Ascocarps (FIG. 1) were subglobose, ovoid to irregular (0.5-2.1 x 0.8-2.0 cm diam), cream to honey yellow in color, and produced singularly and in clusters. Glebal mass was white when immature becoming yellowish brown with the mat- uration of the fertile pockets of asci. Flesh of mature specimens turning yellow when cut, otherwise remaining white at maturity. Dried specimens found on the soil surface were as described by Trappe (1979).\ 

}, keywords = {article, articles, ascomycetes,hypogeous, Carbomyces, fungi, Carbomyces, fungi, hypogeous ascomycetes, journal, journals}, doi = {10.1080/00275514.1986.12025331}, url = {files/bibliography/JRN00046.pdf}, author = {J. C. Zak and Walter G. Whitford} } @mastersthesis {51987, title = {The foraging ecology of nesting black-throated sparrows}, year = {1983}, note = {//NMSU//NONE//}, month = {1983}, pages = {52}, school = {New Mexico State University}, type = {M.S. Thesispp}, address = {Las Cruces, New Mexico}, abstract = {The foraging ecology of the Black-throated Sparrow (Amphispiza bilineata) was studied during the breeding season of 1982, on a site in the Chihuahuan Desert of southern New Mexico. Adult sparrows were color-banded and time-activity budgets and space-use were sampled at each of the 12 nests. I recorded distance and direction of foraging patches from the nest, time spent foraging, rate of feeding nestlings, time spent at the nest between trips, and prey type and load size delivered to the nest.}, keywords = {bird, Black-throated Sparrow, bird,Amphispiza,Black-throated sparrow, bird,foraging, Black-throated sparrow, foraging, Black-throated sparrow, nesting, Black-throated sparrow,food habits, dissertation, dissertations, theses, thesis}, author = {Zimmer, Kevin Jay} } @mastersthesis {52289, title = {The gemination responses of three semidesert grasses to temperature, moisture, and depth of planting}, year = {1974}, note = {//??//NONE//}, month = {1974}, school = {New Mexico State University}, type = {M.S. Thesis}, address = {Las Cruces, New Mexico}, keywords = {dissertation, dissertations, germination,grasses, grass,germination, theses, thesis}, author = {Zambuk, U. Y.} }