@article {JRN55431,
	title = {A statistical approach to using Remote Sensing Data to Discern Streamflow Variable Influence in the Snow Melt Dominated Upper Rio Grande Basin},
	journal = {Remote Sensing},
	volume = {14},
	year = {2022},
	month = {11/30/2022},
	pages = {6076},
	abstract = {Since the middle of the 20th century, the peak snowpack in the Upper Rio Grande (URG) basin of United States has been decreasing. Warming influences snowpack characteristics such as snow cover, snow depth, and Snow Water Equivalent (SWE), which can affect runoff quantity and timing in snowmelt runoff-dominated river systems of the URG basin. The purpose of this research is to investigate which variables are most important in predicting naturalized streamflow and to explore variables{\textquoteright} relative importance for streamflow dynamics. We use long term remote sensing data for hydrologic analysis and deploy R algorithm for data processing and synthesizing. The data is analyzed on a monthly and baseflow/runoff basis for nineteen sub-watersheds in the URG. Variable importance and influence on naturalized streamflow is identified using linear standard regression with multi-model inference based on the second-order Akaike information criterion (AICc) coupled with the intercept only model. Five predictor variables: temperature, precipitation, soil moisture, sublimation, and SWE are identified in order of relative importance for streamflow prediction. The most influential variables for streamflow prediction vary temporally between baseflow and runoff conditions and spatially by watershed and mountain range. Despite the importance of temperature on streamflow, it is not consistently the most important factor in streamflow prediction across time and space. The dominance of precipitation over streamflow is more obvious during baseflow. The impact of precipitation, SWE, sublimation, and minimum temperature on streamflow is evident during the runoff season, but the results vary for different sub-watersheds. The association between sublimation and streamflow is positive in the runoff season, which may relate to temperature and requires further research. This research sheds light on the primary drivers and their spatial and temporal variability on streamflow generation. This work is critical for predicting how warming temperatures will impact water supplies serving society and ecosystems in a changing climate. },
	keywords = {snowmelt runoff; second-order Akaike information criterion (AICc); streamflow dynamics; remotely sensed data; Upper Rio Grande},
	doi = {10.3390/rs14236076},
	url = {files/bibliography/22-028.pdf},
	author = {Khandaker Iftekharul Islam and Emile H. Elias and Christopher Brown and D. K. James and Sierra Heimel}
}
@article {JRN55280,
	title = {A Comparison of Approaches to Regional Land-Use Capability Analysis for Agricultural Land-Planning},
	journal = {Land},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2021},
	month = {04/2021},
	chapter = {458},
	abstract = {: Smallholder agriculture is a major source of income and food for developing nations. With more frequent drought and increasing scarcity of arable land, more accurate land-use planning tools are needed to allocate land resources to support regional agricultural activity. To address this need, we created Land Capability Classification (LCC) system maps using data from two digital soil maps, which were compared with measurements from 1305 field sites in the Dosso region of Niger. Based on these, we developed 250 m gridded maps of LCC values across the region. Across the
region, land is severely limited for agricultural use because of low available water-holding capacity (AWC) that limits dry season agricultural potential, especially without irrigation, and requires more frequent irrigation where supplemental water is available. If the AWC limitation is removed in the LCC algorithm (i.e., simulating the use of sufficient irrigation or a much higher and more evenly distributed rainfall), the dominant limitations become less severe and more spatially varied. Finally, we used additional soil fertility data from the field samples to illustrate the value of collecting contemporary data for dynamic soil properties that are critical for crop production, including soil organic carbon, phosphorus and nitrogen.},
	keywords = {agricultural, drought, land capability classifications, land degradation, vulnerability},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.3390/land10050458},
	url = {files/bibliography/21-014.pdf},
	author = {Ippolito, Tara A. and Jeffrey E. Herrick and Dosswa, Eckwe and Garba, Maman and Ouattara, Mamadou and Singh, Upendra and Stewart, Zachary and Prasad, P. V. Vara and Oumarou, Idrissa A. and J. Neff}
}
@article {JRN55282,
	title = {Connectivity: insights from the U.S. Long Term Ecological Research Network},
	journal = {Ecosphere},
	volume = {12},
	year = {2021},
	month = {May 17, 2021},
	pages = {1-30},
	abstract = {Ecosystems across the United States are changing in complex and surprising ways. Ongoing demand for critical ecosystem services requires an understanding of the populations and communities in these ecosystems in the future. This paper represents a synthesis effort of the U.S. National Science Foundation-funded Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) network addressing the core research area of {\textquotedblleft}populations and communities.{\textquotedblright} The objective of this effort was to show the importance of long-term data collection and experiments for addressing the hardest questions in scientific ecology that have significant implications for environmental policy and management. Each LTER site developed at least one compelling case study about what their site could look like in 50{\textendash}100 yr as human and environmental drivers influencing specific ecosystems change. As the case studies were prepared, five themes emerged, and the studies were grouped into papers in this LTER Futures Special Feature addressing state change, connectivity, resilience, time lags, and cascading effects. This paper addresses the {\textquotedblleft}connectivity{\textquotedblright} theme and has examples from the Phoenix (urban), Niwot Ridge (alpine tundra), McMurdo Dry Valleys (polar desert), Plum Island (coastal), Santa Barbara Coastal (coastal), and Jornada (arid grassland and shrubland) sites. Connectivity has multiple dimensions, ranging from multi-scalar interactions in space to complex interactions over time that govern the transport of materials and the distribution and movement of organisms. The case studies presented here range widely, showing how land-use legacies interact with climate to alter the structure and function of arid ecosystems and flows of resources and organisms in Antarctic polar desert, alpine, urban, and coastal marine ecosystems. Long-term ecological research demonstrates that connectivity can, in some circumstances, sustain valuable ecosystem functions, such as the persistence of foundation species and their associated biodiversity or, it can be an agent of state change, as when it increases wind and water erosion. Increased connectivity due to warming can also lead to species range expansions or contractions and the introduction of undesirable species. Continued long-term studies are essential for addressing the complexities of connectivity. The diversity of ecosystems within the LTER network is a strong platform for these studies.},
	keywords = {alpine tundra; Antarctic polar desert; arid grassland; arid shrubland; coastal; estuary; salt marsh; Special Feature: Forecasting Earth{\textquoteright}s Ecosystems with Long-Term Ecological Research; urban ecosystem},
	doi = {10.1002/ecs2.3432},
	url = {files/bibliography/21-016.pdf},
	author = {Iwaniec, David and Micheal Gooseff and Katharine N. Suding and David Samuel Johnson and Reed, Daniel C. and Debra C. Peters and M.B. Adams and Barretyt, John E. and Brandon T Bestelmeyer and Max Castoroni and Cook, Elizabeth M. and Davidson, Melissa J. and Peter M. Groffman and Niall Hanan and L. Huenneke and Johnson, Pieter J.C. and McKnight, Diane M. and Robert J. Miller and Gregory S. Okin and Preston, Daniel L. and Andrew Rassweiler and Ray, Chris and O. E. Sala and Robert L. Schooley and Timothy R Seastedt and Spasojevic, Marko J. and Enrique Vivoni}
}
@article {50568,
	title = {Historical analysis of the irrigation evolution of the Laguna region of Mexico},
	journal = {Terra Latinoamericana},
	volume = {23},
	number = {3},
	year = {2005},
	note = {//NONE//LTER IV//added 07/29/2005; updated 04/17/2008; PDF on file},
	month = {2005},
	pages = {363-370},
	abstract = {<p>The people of La Laguna Region of Mexico are highly dependent on the irrigated agriculture of the region. The magnitude of irrigation has increased in recent times to the point that water tables are lowering and that soil properties are actually being affected. The main objective of this paper was to analyze the evolution of irrigation in La Laguna Region and locate the irrigation areas throughout time in order to be a reference for future research about soil property changes with the irrigation practice in the region. Old books, maps, articles, personal interviews, historic museums and libraries of La Laguna Region, and records of Mexican government institutions were investigated. Also, a geographic information system was used to locate the irrigation areas throughout time from old maps. The history analysis of the region reveals that there were four periods important to the evolution of irrigated agriculture: The big Latifundios Period (1700 to 1825) when the entire Laguna Region was used for grazing and livestock activities: the Hacienda Period (1840 to 1910) when irrigation began, grew and boomed together with cotton; the Period after the Agrarian act (1936 to 1946) when the farmers used the old and deficient irrigation infrastructure; and finally the Modernization Period (1950 to 1975) when important hydraulic structures were made for improving the irrigation system of today.</p>
},
	keywords = {agriculture, irrigated, article, GIS, history, agriculture, history, hacienda period, history, irrigation, history, latifundio period, history, livestock period, history, modernization period, history, prehistoric period, irrigation, history, irrigation, practices, irrigation, water table, journal, La Laguna Region, Mexico},
	url = {files/bibliography/JRN00427.pdf},
	author = {Inzunza-Ibarra, Marco A. and Curtis H. Monger}
}
@article {50569,
	title = {Variation of soil chemical properties in irrigated and non-irrigated areas of the Laguna region of Mexico},
	journal = {Terra Latinoamericana},
	volume = {23},
	number = {4},
	year = {2005},
	note = {//NONE//LTER IV//added 07/29/2005; updated 04/17/2008; PDF on file},
	month = {2005},
	pages = {429-436},
	abstract = {<p>Since approximately 1840, irrigation has been required for agriculture in the Laguna Region. This activity might have changed soil chemical properties throughout time. The objective of this work was to compile soil chemical data of irrigated soils in order to document the nature and changes of soil properties. Data of organic matter, pH, electrical conductivity and cation exchange capacity from irrigated areas and non-irrigated areas of 1975 and 1997 were compared. Also, digitized soil information of the Mexican Durango and Coahuila states was examined using a Geographic Information System to obtain soil maps of the region and to locate soil sample sites. Means comparison analysis was used to statistically contrast soil parameters from non-irrigated areas against irrigated areas. Also, histograms and graphs of soil data versus depth were used to display the ranges of soil properties. The results showed that organic matter diminished by 50 percent in irrigated soils in 1997 compared with 1975; pH values increased by 6\% in irrigated soils; cation exchange capacity decreased II\% in soils under irrigation; and the electrical conductivitydid not show statistical changes.</p>
},
	keywords = {agriculture, irrigated, article, GIS, history, agriculture, history, irrigation, irrigation, history, irrigation, practices, irrigation, water table, journal, La Laguna Region, Mexico, soil properties, changes, soil, cation exchange capacity, soil, electircal conductivity, soil, nutrients, soil, organic matter, soil, pH},
	url = {files/bibliography/JRN00432.pdf},
	author = {Inzunza-Ibarra, Marco A. and Curtis H. Monger}
}
@conference {51288,
	title = {Concepts and real issues of desertification and remediation in the Mediterranean and the southwestern United States: transcending local values  through a focus on ecological functions},
	booktitle = {International Symposium and Workshop Combating Desertification: Connecting Science with Community Action},
	year = {1997},
	month = {May 12-16, 1997},
	pages = {Abstract 11},
	address = {Tucson, AZ},
	abstract = {Desertification is perceived to be a major problem in both the area surrounding the Mediterranean basin and in the southwest United States. A consensus exists in both regions that these regions are experiencing severe physical and biological land and socioeconomic degradation. There is also a consensus, arrived at during recent symposia (Tucson, October 1994), that the underlying causes and processes are similar. In attempting to further understand the similarities by comparing research results from field studies, however, it became clear that perceptions of desertification in these two regions are based on two completely different concepts. In Europe, there is the classic idea that the dry Mediterranean regions were once extensively forested and that a combination of grazing, fire, and cultivation have through history led to a loss of forests. In response, policy is often directed at restoring forest and woody vegetation irrespective of climate or the impact of restoration on key ecosystem functions. Grassland vegetation is seldom perceived as a potential and desirable objective. In the southwest U.S., by contrast, the loss of the desert grass ecosystem and invasion of woody species are regarded as signs of desertification. Consequently, U.S. policy is directed at reversing the development of ecosystems that in Europe are considered desirable. To develop appropriate remediation approaches, we need to clearly define the objectives and criteria to be used to assess the remediation. We believe that these criteria must be developed independently of preconceived notions of an "ideal" or "historic" vegetative community. Rather, these criteria should be based on the relative capacity of the current system to perform specific functions. These functions fall into two closely related categories: (1) functions that make the system sustainable, and (2) functions that provide a specific use-value for the broadly defined needs of human society. In desertified systems the first set of functions may be defined more specifically as those that contribute to the capacity of the system to retain soil and water and therefore to continue to support biological production. As such, they are relatively independent of specific human values. The second set of functions are germane only after the criteria for the first set of functions are satisfied. The second set may include a wide variety of value-related services that these systems provide, including production of food and fiber, conservation of biological species and/or communities, water management, carbon storage, and recreation opportunities.},
	author = {Imeson, A.C. and Kris Havstad and Jeffrey E. Herrick}
}
@conference {51352,
	title = {Application of the desertification response unit methodology to multi-scale assessments of rangeland soil quality},
	booktitle = {American Society of Agronomy Meeting},
	year = {1996},
	month = {November 3-7, 19},
	pages = {Abstract 224},
	address = {Indianapolis, IN},
	abstract = {Soil quality can be defined in terms of three sets of variables which are related to: (1) functional integrity, (2) resistance to disturbance, or inertia, and (3) resilience, or the capacity of the soil to recover functional integrity following disturbance. Functional integrity, resistance, and resilience all vary as a function of processes which vary at different spatial scales; assessment of all three can be improved by accounting for this spatial variability and scale. However, few sampling and analysis approaches for assessing soil quality currently utilize spatial information. The Desertification Response Unit (DRU) methodology was developed in Europe as part of an effort to model processes of land degradation and desertification. The DRU methodology emphasizes landscape position and the potential for interactions and linkages between units at different spatial and temporal scales. It is based on assessing key processes operating at scales ranging from the patch or micro-site to the watershed, and combines static site characteristics at each scale with land surface and vegetation patterns to yield estimates of system resistance and resilience. A preliminary application of the methodology to the assessment of soil quality in rangeland ecosystems for SE Spain suggests that (1) sampling points should be selected to represent key landscape positions within watersheds, (2) measurements should be stratified by cover type, and (3) small-scale changes in soil quality are reflected in long-term dynamics at larger scales.},
	author = {Imeson, A.C. and Jeffrey E. Herrick and Kris Havstad}
}
