@article {51735,
	title = {Distribution of annual plants in North American deserts},
	journal = {Journal of Arid Environments},
	volume = {15},
	year = {1988},
	note = {//NMSU//LTER I, US-IBP//},
	month = {1988},
	pages = {221-227},
	abstract = {<p>Early researchers concluded that the winter-annual flora was richest in the California deserts and became relatively poorer towards the east, whereas summer-annuals were richest in the deserts of western Texas and their richness progressively declined in to eastern California. US/IBP Desert Biome and subsequent studies support these trends and add much relevant information. Winter-annuals have the C3 photosynthetic pathway, whereas most summer-annuals have the C4 pathway. While the Sonoran and Chihuahuan deserts have a few C3 {\textquoteright}summer{\textquoteright} annuals (actually {\textquoteright}winter{\textquoteright} annuals which can persist into the summer), the Mojave Desert lacks C3 summer-annuals. The Great Basin Desert has only a few prevalent winter or summer-annuals (mostly introduced species). Studies of the micro-distribution of desert-annuals have shown their close association with perennial shrubs. Some shrubs produce substances that are reportedly toxic to some annuals; the role of such toxins in structuring annual plant communities is unclear. The importance of nutrients associated with shrub canopies on the micro-distribution of many desert-annuals is becoming evident through LTER and other studies.</p>
},
	keywords = {annual plant, c3 and c4, annual plant, distribution, article, articles, journal, journals, plant, also SEE <annual plant>, plant, annual},
	doi = {10.1016/S0140-1963(18)31059-0},
	url = {files/bibliography/JRN00074.pdf},
	author = {J. Ludwig and Gary L. Cunningham and P. D. Whitson}
}
