@conference {51435, title = {A role of endophytic fungi in regulating nutrients and energy in plants within a desert ecosystem}, booktitle = {International Symposium and Workshop on Desertification in Developed Countries: Why Can{\textquoteright}t We Control It?}, year = {1994}, month = {October 25-28, 1}, address = {Tucson, AZ}, abstract = {Roots of common native grasses and shrubs growing in arid regions of the southwestern United States were analyzed for symbiotic fungi. In addition to classical interfaces formed by vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae, many other types of fungal interfaces were observed. Fungal isolates from roots of native plants formed associations typical of ectendo mycorrhizae with root organ cultures of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), blue grama [Bouteloua gracilis (H.B.K) Lag.], alkali sacaton (Sporobolus airoides Torr.), and sideoats grama [Bouteloua curtipendula (Michx.) Torr.]. Infected alfalfa roots accumulated high concentrations of phosphorus butprevented translocation to leaves and stem, while noninfected roots allowed a five-fold increase of phosphorus in plant tops. This indicates that these fungi not only accumulate and store but regulate phosphorus transfer and possibly other essential nutrients and energy sources within the plant. Fungi associated with germinating seed of foaming saltbush [Atriplex canescens (Pursh) Nutt .] were also shown to degrade cellulose of the utricle and transfer carbon to the germinating seedling, which enhanced germination, vigor, and establishment. A hypothesis was developed to explain how endophytic fungi affect survival of native plants and the nutrition of cultivated crops growing in arid regions. An understanding of how these fungi affect native plant communities would be valuable in the management of desert areas.}, author = {J.R. Barrow} }