@conference {50527,
	title = {Using animal behavior and electronics to controll free-ranging animal groups directional virtual fencing (DVM) - Proof-of-concept},
	booktitle = {2005 Horizons in Livestock Sciences Conference},
	year = {2005},
	month = {2005},
	abstract = {Improved animal distribution promotes ecologically sound landscape utilization. Diverse utilization patterns require active management of timing and duration of foraging. After 30 years of research, a patented methodology to reintroduce the art of low-stress herding husbandry using 21st century science awaits commercialization. Directional Virtual Fencing (DVF\&trade;) melds cutting edge electronics with innate animal behaviors to control free-ranging animals without visible fences. The system compares an animal\&rsquo;s location using Global Positioning System (GPS) technology to a Virtual Center Line (VCL\&trade;) after the VCL\&trade; location has been programmed into the device\&rsquo;s Geographic Information System (GIS). A magnetometer in the DVF\&trade; device determines the animal\&rsquo;s angle of approach to the nearest VCL\&trade;. Bilateral ramped audio and electric stimulation cues increase in irritation intensity as an animal approaches the VCL\&trade; within a Virtual Boundary (VB\&trade;). Cuing stops immediately once the animal turns away from the VCL\&trade;. The type of cue, length of cuing and the side of the animal to which the cue is applied are all programmable. This flexibility offers the DVF\&trade; user many options to implement Prescription Stocking (RxS\&trade;). The first autonomous field test of DVF\&trade; occurred on April 2, 2001. Since then, our team has determined that DVF\&trade; can control animal groups behind static as well as moving VBs\&trade;. Current research is focused on developing power efficient hardware with a small footprint coupled to wireless data transmission capabilities in a potentially patentable solar powered head mounted device. With DVF\&trade; the art of animal husbandry is integrated with cutting edge technology.},
	keywords = {behavior, Directional, electronics, fencing, free-ranging, virtual},
	author = {D.M. Anderson and C.S. Hale and B. Nolen and Kris Havstad}
}
